arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 19

Leveraging Cell-level Spatial Transcriptomics as Weak Supervision for Nuclei Classification

The paper proposes a scalable framework that uses cell-level spatial transcriptomics (ST) as weak supervision for nuclei classification in histopathology images. By converting gene expression profiles into cell-type labels and leveraging nucleus masks from ST data, the method automatically generates image-label pairs without manual annotation. Evaluations on unseen tissues show that this approach achieves segmentation and classification performance comparable to conventional supervised methods while requiring fewer manually annotated datasets.

By Kazuya Nishimura, Ryoma Bise, Haruka Hirose, Yasuhiro Kojima
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 28

CLARiTy: A Vision Transformer for Multi-Label Classification and Weakly-Supervised Localization of Chest X-ray Pathologies

CLARiTy is a vision transformer model that jointly performs multi‑label classification and weakly‑supervised localization of chest X‑ray pathologies. It uses class‑specific tokens to produce attention maps and a SegmentCAM module to refine foreground segmentation with anatomical priors. Trained on NIH ChestXray14 image‑level labels and distilled from a ConvNeXtV2 teacher, CLARiTy achieves competitive classification and strong localization, especially for small pathologies, outperforming prior methods by up to 50.7% relative Macro IoU accuracy.

By John M. Statheros, Hairong Wang, Richard Klein