OpenAI Blog
Aug 15, 2023

Using GPT-4 for content moderation

We use GPT-4 for content policy development and content moderation decisions, enabling more consistent labeling, a faster feedback loop for policy refinement, and less involvement from human moderators.

arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 10

Can Foundation Models Moderate Online Content? Evaluating Instruction- vs. Example-Driven Policy Operationalization

arXiv:2609.10410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The growing complexity of content moderation policies presents a critical challenge for their consistent operationalization. While foundation models po...

By Ayan Majumdar, Shounak Paul, Pushpdeep Singh, Ines Abdelaziz, Sayeh Jarollahi, Seungeon Lee, Krishna P. Gummadi, Ingmar Weber, Abhisek Dash
arXiv AI
Sep 12

Characterizing Bluesky Content Moderation Service: From Automation of Service to Landscape of Harms

The study audits Bluesky’s Moderation Service (BMS) using its 10.6 million public moderation labels from 2025. It finds that BMS operates as a human‑AI collaboration: sexual and graphic content is flagged automatically in seconds, while more nuanced or high‑stakes content requires human review that can take hours or days. The system shows high precision (0.837) but low recall (0.222), with annotators detecting 4.5 times more harmful content than the system, and clustering reveals harms ranging from hostility toward protected groups to the spread of explicit material.

By Pushpdeep Singh, Sayeh Jarollahi, Ayan Majumdar, Vabuk Pahari, Abhijnan Chakraborty, Krishna P. Gummadi, Ingmar Weber, Abhisek Dash