arXiv AI By Jacopo Dardini (University of Bologna), Roberta Calegari (University of Bologna)

ActMap: Single-Pass Uncertainty Quantification from Generation-Time Activation Maps

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ActMap is a new white‑box representation that compresses the entire hidden‑state trajectory of a language model during generation into a fixed 12 × 32 × 128 tensor. This compact 96 KiB map can be captured with no overhead and is read by a lightweight Vision Transformer to estimate answer correctness in a fraction of a millisecond. In experiments on short‑answer QA, math, and summarization, ActMap outperforms sampling, token‑probability, attention, and embedding baselines and matches a larger ACT‑ViT detector while achieving lower calibration error on most test pairs.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 23

Reading Calibrated Uncertainty from Language Model Trajectories

arXiv:2605. 22864v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The maximum softmax probability (MSP) represents a default approach when evaluating uncertainty quantification for language model generation with structured output.

By Aliai Eusebi, Alexander Herzog, Xiaoyu Liang, Marie Vasek, Enrico Mariconti, Lorenzo Cavallaro
arXiv Computation and Language
Aug 31

Speculative Probing: LLM Monitoring at Speculative-Decoding Cost

The paper introduces Speculative Probing, a method that repurposes the speculative‑decoding module of large language models for real‑time classification tasks. By appending a trained soft prompt to the target sequence, the approach leverages the already‑cached KV store during inference, adding negligible overhead while achieving higher accuracy than traditional hidden‑state probes. Experiments on four classification tasks across multiple models show that these lightweight probes outperform zero‑shot GPT‑5.4‑mini and rival or surpass specialized 8B safety classifiers without running a full LLM.

By Collin Zhang, Tingwei Zhang, Vitaly Shmatikov