arXiv Computer Vision August 31, 2026 By Haowei Zhang, Yuanpei Zhao, Ji-Zhe Zhou, Mao Li

Abstract4D: A Large-Scale Dataset and Framework for Understanding the Visual Language of Abstract Art

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Abstract4D is the largest dataset of abstract paintings, containing over 120,000 images with rich metadata and multi‑dimensional prompts that capture perceptual attributes such as form, color, texture, and composition. The dataset is annotated via a hybrid human–VLM pipeline to ensure quality and consistency. Using Abstract4D, the authors analyze the semantic structure of abstract art through large‑scale embedding visualization and establish benchmark tasks for classification, cross‑modal retrieval, and text‑to‑image generation to evaluate AI models’ perception and reproduction of abstract visual language.

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