arXiv AI

DeepImagine: Clinical Trial Outcome Prediction via Stepwise Local Counterfactual Imaginations

arXiv:2604. 23054v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Predicting the outcomes of prospective clinical trials remains a major challenge.

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 5

Causal Longitudinal Prior-Fitted Networks for Counterfactual Outcome Prediction

arXiv:2606. 05797v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Longitudinal treatment decisions require predicting potential outcomes under future treatment sequences in the presence of time-varying confounding, heterogeneous patient dynamics, and limited domain-specific data.

By Amirhossein Zare, Amirhessam Zare, Herlock Rahimi, Reza Salarikia, Mohammad Kashkooli

benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 9

Counterfactual Modeling with Fine-Tuned LLMs for Health Intervention Design and Sensor Data Augmentation

arXiv:2601. 14590v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) provide human-centric interpretability by identifying the minimal, actionable changes required to alter a machine learning model's prediction.

By Shovito Barua Soumma, Asiful Arefeen, Stephanie M. Carpenter, Melanie Hingle, Hassan Ghasemzadeh

llms fine-tuning multimodal safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 17

ConTex: Reformulating Counterfactual Generation For Time Series Forecasting

arXiv:2606. 18049v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decision-making with deep learning-based time series forecasting requires not only accurate predictions but also actionable insights.

By Jan Voets, Hasan Tercan, Tobias Meisen, Sebastian Baum

benchmarks

Hugging Face Trending Papers

Jun 16

ConTex: Reformulating Counterfactual Generation For Time Series Forecasting

Decision-making with deep learning-based time series forecasting requires not only accurate predictions but also actionable insights. However, current architectures do not inherently provide such information.

benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 2

OncoReason: Structuring Clinical Reasoning in LLMs for Robust and Interpretable Survival Prediction

arXiv:2510. 17532v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Predicting cancer treatment outcomes requires models that are both accurate and interpretable, particularly in the presence of heterogeneous clinical data.

By Raghu Vamshi Hemadri, Geetha Krishna Guruju, Kristi Topollai, Anna Ewa Choromanska

llms nlp reinforcement-learning fine-tuning benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Aug 10

Fisher-R1: Training LLM Agents for Reliable Hypothesis Testing

arXiv:2608. 07437v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable hypothesis testing is the foundation of many empirical scientific claims.

By Jiacheng Miao, Jin Mu, Guanhua Chen, James Zou

llms agents reinforcement-learning benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 3

ChatHealthAI: Aligning Electronic Health Record Representations with Large Language Models for Grounded Clinical Reasoning

arXiv:2606. 02802v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong natural-language reasoning abilities for clinical decision support, but struggle to effectively model structured longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs).

By Bo-Hong Wang, Baicheng Peng, Ruilin Wang, Jun Bai, Ziyang Song, Yue Li

llms multimodal benchmarks safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 8

GraphWalker: Patient Analogy Meets Information Gain for Clinical Reasoning with Large Language Models

arXiv:2604. 06684v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Clinical reasoning over electronic health records (EHRs) is a fundamental yet challenging task in modern healthcare.

By Yue Fang, Weibin Liao, Yuxin Guo, Jiaran Gao, Hongxin Ding, Jinyang Zhang, Xinke Jiang, Zhibang Yang, Junfeng Zhao, Yasha Wang, Liantao Ma

llms agents benchmarks

arXiv AI

1d ago

Would this change your answer? Evaluating Explanations of LLM Behavior In The Wild with Counterfactual Experiments

arXiv:2608. 16747v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many areas of AI research, such as language model interpretability and chain of thought faithfulness, seek to explain model behaviors.

By Adam Karvonen, Euan Ong, Subhash Kantamneni, Samuel Marks

llms agents safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 30

$\texttt{AMEND++}$: Benchmarking Eligibility Criteria Amendments in Clinical Trials

arXiv:2601. 06300v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Clinical trial amendments frequently introduce delays, increased costs, and administrative burden, with eligibility criteria being the most commonly amended component.

By Trisha Das, Mandis Beigi, Jacob Aptekar, Jimeng Sun

llms nlp benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 20

LLM4EHR: Aligning Clinical Time Series with Medical Event Sequences via Large Language Models

arXiv:2607. 15447v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent research in clinical machine learning, focusing on outcome predictions in intensive care unit (ICU), has shifted from bespoke supervised models to foundation models, utilising modern representation learning methods.

By Jingteng Li, Alexander Capstick, Louise Rigny, Iona Biggart, Neil J Sebire, Payam Barnaghi

llms rag benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 27

CEL: Comprehensive Counterfactual Explanations Library and Benchmark

arXiv:2607. 22045v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Counterfactual explanations are a prominent approach in explainable artificial intelligence (xAI), providing actionable guidance on what input changes would alter a model's prediction to a desired outcome.

By Oleksii Furman, {\L}ukasz Lenkiewicz, Marcel Musia{\l}ek, Maciej Zi\k{e}ba

efficiency benchmarks

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