The paper investigates adding Greek language support to a Cosmos3 vision‑language‑action robot policy using only machine‑rephrased instructions and no architectural changes. It finds that many evaluation metrics can give misleading results, and that multilingual training with Greek yields a modest 6.7‑7.1 point advantage over a control, reaching about 40% of English performance. The study also shows that overfitting to a single translator’s phrasing can be mitigated by training on multiple phrasings, while warm‑starting from a language‑adapted world model or unfreezing the text tower actually harms performance.
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are commonly treated as end-to-end action policies conditioned on natural-language task descriptions. In practice, however, their behavior often depends sharply on how the instruction is phrased, suggesting that language is not merely a task label but an optimizable conditioning input.
arXiv:2607. 04517v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are commonly treated as end-to-end action policies conditioned on natural-language task descriptions.
arXiv:2609.24170v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Embodied AI systems are often organized into System 1 and System 2. System 1 is typically a pretrained policy that generates actions at high frequency,...
arXiv:2606. 12299v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide a natural language interface to robot control, but the mapping from language to behavior is often brittle and unintuitive: semantically similar instructions can induce drastically different behaviors, while some capabilities may not be elicitable through prompting alone.
arXiv:2607. 15275v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent robot foundation models operate with single-step or short-history visuomotor context.
arXiv:2603. 06001v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to perform manipulation tasks directly from natural language instructions and are increasingly viewed as a foundation for generalist robotic policies.
arXiv:2606. 08881v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong generalization in robotic manipulation, yet existing evaluations are primarily conducted in simulation or on expensive robotic platforms, leaving their robustness on affordable real-world robots largely unexplored.
Robots operating in real-world environments must execute complex, multi-step bimanual tasks over long horizons rather than single, isolated actions. Current manipulation datasets struggle to support t...
arXiv:2607. 09042v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to post-train vision-language-action (VLA) models, but every update consumes robot rollouts that are slow and costly to collect, making sample efficiency a central concern.
arXiv:2609.36416v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robots operating in real-world environments must execute complex, multi-step bimanual tasks over long horizons rather than single, isolated actions....
arXiv:2608.29967v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate strong semantic understanding yet exhibit systematic failures during deployment. The conditions under...
Prioritized Rollouts for Efficient World Model-based Vision-Language-Action Policy Optimization introduces U‑GROW, a lightweight sampling layer that directs more model rollouts toward states with high policy uncertainty, identified as decision‑sensitive stages where small action differences can alter task outcomes. By modifying only the branched‑start distribution, U‑GROW can be integrated into existing model‑based reinforcement learning pipelines without changing the policy optimization objective. Experiments on simulated and real‑world manipulation tasks demonstrate that U‑GROW improves the efficiency and effectiveness of policy optimization for Vision‑Language‑Action models.