The paper introduces FHEAT, a fractional diffusion operator derived from the discrete cosine transform, to learn how much spectral mixing each stage of a 3D medical segmentation network should perform. By reparameterizing the operator with a semigroup time, the authors enable the optimizer to decide whether global mixing is needed, resulting in a lightweight U‑shaped architecture (Light‑UNETR) paired with a Kolmogorov‑Arnold mixer (KAN3D). In semi‑supervised experiments, FHEAT‑Seg achieves state‑of‑the‑art Dice scores while dramatically reducing FLOPs through learned spectral sparsification.
arXiv:2607. 03103v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Clinical cardiac imaging pipelines currently deploy separate models for each dataset and modality, incurring redundant training costs and precluding knowledge sharing across anatomically related tasks.
arXiv:2609.28327v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present LightMIS, a scalable family of ultra-lightweight convolutional networks for 2D binary medical image segmentation without a learned stage-wis...
arXiv:2603. 04795v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Medical image analysis depends on accurate segmentation and controllable synthesis, but both tasks face severe spatial imbalance: lesions occupy small regions against large backgrounds.
Acquiring pixel-level annotations for medical image segmentation is a severe bottleneck. Traditional U-Net architectures, while effective, learn local texture patterns and lack awareness of global ana...
The paper introduces two lightweight spectral adapters—Directional Spectral Adapter (DiSECT) and Spectral Instance-Guided Adapter (SiGA)—to adapt the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for accurate segmentation of colorectal liver metastases in contrast‑enhanced CT scans. SiGA achieves the highest single‑point Dice score of 0.77 and performs comparably to a 3D nnU‑Net baseline under no‑prompt inference, while DiSECT requires only 0.14 million trainable parameters. The study evaluates the adapters on 446 CT volumes across various prompting regimes, demonstrating that spectral adapters can efficiently adapt SAM with limited trainable parameters while maintaining strong segmentation accuracy.
The paper introduces an unsupervised approach to medical image segmentation by training a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) on 21 unlabeled abdominal CT scans to learn anatomical features. The encoder weights from the DDPM are transferred to a U‑Net for downstream segmentation on the BTCV multi‑organ dataset, resulting in a significant Dice score improvement for liver segmentation from 0.75 to 0.93. In low‑data regimes, diffusion‑pretrained models retain robust performance, achieving high Dice scores even with only 10% of labeled data.
arXiv:2608. 19860v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Single-shot exposure correction aims to map an arbitrarily degraded image---whether under-exposed, over-exposed, or a spatial mixture of both---to a well-exposed output from a single capture.
The paper introduces Neural Spectral Capacity (NSC), a closed‑form metric derived from the singular‑value spectrum of weight matrices that can be computed solely from a network’s architectural specification. Unlike traditional measures such as #Params and #FLOPs, NSC captures architectural structure (depth, width, head, FFN allocations) and can be evaluated without instantiating the model, data, or gradients. Using a dynamic‑programming solver (NSC‑DP), the authors demonstrate that NSC can efficiently identify architectures that outperform existing training‑free proxies across Transformer and CNN families, and achieve state‑of‑the‑art results in tasks such as WikiText‑103 and commonsense reasoning with LLaMA‑7B. whyItMatters":"NSC provides a fast, architecture‑only proxy that outperforms conventional metrics and training‑free proxies, enabling more effective design and pruning of large models without costly training or data."
arXiv:2607. 11974v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most neural partial differential equation (PDE) surrogates learn how fields evolve after a grid has already been chosen.
The paper introduces a geometry‑guided sampling operator that directs feature sampling rather than altering convolution kernels in 3D encoder‑decoder networks. By predicting local orientations and bounded step sizes, the operator samples symmetrically around each voxel, generating compact geometric and boundary cues that improve fine‑structure segmentation. Replacing stride‑1 and stride‑2 operations in a 3D U‑Net yields consistent gains on BraTS, MSD Hepatic Vessel, and TDSC‑ABUS datasets, with better boundary metrics and fewer parameters, and the operator can be integrated into other backbones without architectural changes.
arXiv:2607. 29337v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background and Objective: Generating realistic medical images with anatomically accurate segmentation masks helps address the shortage of annotated data in medical imaging, particularly in optical coherence tomography (OCT) of mouse eyes, where manual retinal layer delineation is labour-intensive due to tiny structures and required expertise, resulting in scarce datasets.
arXiv:2608.20942v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Motivated by the classical Chan-Vese model and the ability of deep priors to capture complex spatial structures, we develop a segmentation model that l...