arXiv AI

Dalek: A Constructive Agent Machine

Dalek is a closed machine designed for agents that achieves self‑maintenance, self‑evolution, self‑reproduction, and self‑organization on any substrate that meets a general host contract. It is constructed from three primitives—actors, messages, and channels—and governed by four obligations: a host boundary, a construction language, admissible transitions, and rule heredity. Building on Von Neumann’s 1948 self‑reproducing automaton, Dalek incorporates a hereditary constructional core (self‑description, constructor, copier, controller) and extends it with explicit structures for boundary, identity, history, and growth, allowing a large language model and compiler to generate new capabilities that are compiled, installed, and inherited by descendants.

arXiv AI
Sep 24

Harness as a Language: A Minimalist Agent Framework With Maximal Expressivity

The paper introduces JAZ, a minimalist LLM agent framework that centers on a single primitive called “invoke”, which allows an LLM to write and execute arbitrary code, including recursive calls, while treating all inputs and interaction history as variables in the code environment. JAZ provides built‑in hooks for constraints and monitoring but relies solely on prompting, without external tools, memory systems, or file‑system access. Experiments show that JAZ “invoke” outperforms specialized external harnesses such as Letta (MemGPT) and ACE on long‑horizon recall tasks and continual self‑improvement, achieving higher accuracy at lower cost.

By Zhening Li, Joshua Liu, Mateja Vukelic, Nicole Shen, Supriya Lall, Amitayush Thakur, Alex Zhang, Omar Khattab, Jonathan Light, Armando Solar-Lezama
arXiv AI
Jul 16

Self-Improvements in Modern Agentic Systems: A Survey

arXiv:2607. 13104v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-improving autonomous agents are moving from research prototypes to deployed systems.

By Zhe Ren, Yimeng Chen, Dandan Guo, Guowei Rong, Tonghui Li, R. B. Xiong, Qingfeng Lan, Wenyi Wang, Li Nanbo, Yibo Yang, Mingchen Zhuge, J\"urgen Schmidhuber
arXiv AI
Aug 12

CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification

arXiv:2604. 01687v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Anthropic proposes the concept of skills for LLM agents to tackle multi-step professional tasks that simple tool invocations cannot address.

By Hanrong Zhang (Steve), Shicheng Fan (Steve), Henry Peng Zou (Steve), Yankai Chen (Steve), Zhenting Wang (Steve), Jiayu Zhou (Steve), Chengze Li (Steve), Wei-Chieh Huang (Steve), Yifei Yao (Steve), Kening Zheng (Steve), Xue (Steve), Liu, Xiaoxiao Li, Philip S. Yu
arXiv AI
Aug 28

Five Primitives for Governing Autonomous AI Agents at Runtime

The paper proposes five runtime primitives—discovery, identity, governance, attestation, and supply chain—to manage autonomous AI agents in enterprise settings. It argues that traditional control models fail because agents are transient, model-driven, and self‑discoverable, making runtime governance essential. The authors detail an implementation that mediates agent actions against policy, authorizes them via a per‑tenant vocabulary, and records them in a verifiable ledger, noting the associated operational costs and partial deployment status.

By Jiten Oswal, John Cadeddu
arXiv AI
Aug 25

Prime Agent: A Self-Improving RLM Harness

arXiv:2608.23552v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models are sequential processors, but long-horizon agency requires external information and computation beyond model weights and active contex...

By Seth Karten, Alex L. Zhang, Kevin Thomas, Sebastian M\"uller, Elie Bakouch, Daniel Auras, Mika Senghaas, Fares Obeid, Konstantin Dunas, Johannes Hagemann, Sami Jaghouar
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 10

MetaRSI / RSI2: A Meta-Recursive Self-Improving System for Recursive Self-Improving Systems Themselves

arXiv:2609.06396v2 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recursive self-improvement (RSI) lets a system improve the model-building machinery from its own failures, so every later model inherits the gain. Yet...

By Zihan Tan, Leixin Sun, Zitong Shi, Yitao Liu, Jiajun Wu, Nathaniel Brooks, Jiaru Qian, Xiaoran Shang, Suyuan Huang, Yi Ding, Yangxu Liao, Mukai Li, Qiushi Sun, Shudong Liu, Xuankun Rong, Xiaohang Yu, Zhuo Chen, Hejia Geng, Chenxin Li, Aozhou Wang, Zengji Tu, Robert Tang, Yuxin Zhan, Eric Jiang, Yuxin Wu, Jianqing Zhang, Xiao Liang, Fang Wu, Haochi Zhang, Alexander Marlow, Guancheng Wan