arXiv:2604. 01506v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-tailed classification, where a small number of frequent classes dominate many rare ones, remains challenging because models systematically favor frequent classes at inference time.
arXiv:2609.23926v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Density-Ratio Rescoring (DRR) augments a classifier trained at the original class prior with a survey-raking dual score. Raking reweights the majorit...
Density‑Ratio Rescoring (DRR) enhances a classifier trained with the original class prior by adding a survey‑raking dual score that reweights the majority class to match minority feature moments within a tolerance. The method standardizes both the dual and base scores, combines them with equal weight, and uses the fitted dual directly for prediction without resampling or refitting the base model. Experiments on 24 tabular benchmarks and a gene‑expression cohort show that DRR improves average precision over the standardized base on every dataset, with a mean gain of 0.034, and outperforms a shared‑dual raking‑and‑relabeling resampler on most datasets.
arXiv:2608. 19748v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference-time selection methods, such as Best-of-N, improve generation by sampling a pool of candidates and selecting the top-ranked completion according to a reward model.
arXiv:2607. 22258v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning models using traditional softmax classifiers have achieved remarkable success in various classification tasks.
arXiv:2606. 27997v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Benchmarks of machine learning models often include many datasets, making evaluation expensive.
arXiv:2608.30699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-tailed distributions are prevalent in real-world semi-supervised learning (SSL), where pseudo-labels tend to favor majority classes, leading to...
arXiv:2606. 31686v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Feature rankings are widely used in supervised feature selection because they are simple, scalable and easy to interpret.
The paper introduces Distilled Rapid Embedding Transfer (DRET), a parameter‑efficient method that injects biomedical domain knowledge from large specialized models into a smaller general‑purpose model without retraining on the original specialized corpora. DRET evolves through iterative strategies—tokenizer‑merge (DRET 1.x), hybrid embedding averaging (DRET 2.0), priority‑based embedding transfer (DRET 3.x), and further refinements (DRET 4.x)—and demonstrates that a 66‑million‑parameter DistilBERT can achieve competitive or superior performance on token‑level PICO classification compared to much larger models, while remaining lightweight. The authors validate the embedding‑level transfer with cosine similarity, semantic‑shift, and t‑SNE analyses, highlighting DRET’s potential for scalable, resource‑efficient biomedical text mining.
arXiv:2606. 26053v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Synthetic data augmentation is widely used to mitigate class imbalance, but its theoretical effects on score-based classification remain poorly understood.
Synthetic data augmentation is widely used to mitigate class imbalance, but its theoretical effects on score-based classification remain poorly understood. This paper develops a framework for characterizing when synthetic minority augmentation can improve threshold-integrated and threshold-optimized metrics, including AUROC, AUPRC, best-threshold balanced accuracy, and best-threshold \(\F_1\) score.
The paper benchmarks six long‑tail loss functions—cross‑entropy, weighted CE, class‑balanced loss, focal loss, LDAM, and logit‑adjusted softmax—across three single‑cell foundation model architectures (scGPT, scBERT, Geneformer) and three datasets (Multiple Sclerosis, Zheng68K, human Pancreas). It shows that overall accuracy masks systematic failures on rare, disease‑relevant cell types, with a consistent gap between overall accuracy, Macro‑F1, and rare‑class recall under plain cross‑entropy. The study identifies two distinct regimes of rare‑class failure, predicts reweighting efficacy by absolute training‑set size, and finds class‑balanced loss and LDAM to be the most reliable across all settings.
arXiv:2509. 07605v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Class imbalance poses a significant challenge to supervised classification, particularly in critical domains like medical diagnostics and anomaly detection where minority class instances are rare.