The paper introduces a counterfactual data augmentation method that generates healthy mammograms by inpainting lesions with realistic normal tissue using a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model and a RePaint-based sampling strategy. The generated healthy counterfactuals preserve patient-specific anatomy and match the quality of the original dataset, as confirmed by similarity metrics and radiologist assessment. When applied to four different classifier architectures on the VinDr-Mammo dataset, the augmentation improves sensitivity, especially at 80% fixed specificity, thereby enhancing the reliability of computer-aided breast cancer screening systems.
By In\^es Cruchinho Garcia, Mariana Mour\~ao, Francisco Maria Calisto, Carlos Santiago, Jacinto Nascimento
arXiv:2606. 28419v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Limited data availability, class imbalance, and domain variability remain major barriers to reliable medical image classification.
By Teerath Kumar, Raja Vavekanand, Muhammad Turab
arXiv:2606. 28419v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Limited data availability, class imbalance, and domain variability remain major barriers to reliable medical image classification.
By Teerath Kumar, Raja Vavekanand, Muhammad Turab
arXiv:2609.25978v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Saliency maps are widely used to explain deep learning predictions in medical imaging, yet visually plausible explanations do not necessarily reflect...
By Peachapong Poolpol, Henrik H. J. Detjen, Eike Petersen
The paper introduces TopKSigLIP, a vision‑language model tailored for mammography that tackles two key challenges: high‑resolution imaging and homogeneous radiology reports. It replaces standard CLIP training with a TopK‑Patch module that selects sparse high‑resolution patches likely to contain lesions, and a Sup‑sigmoid loss that uses soft labels from structured data instead of contrastive loss. TopKSigLIP outperforms existing open‑source mammography and general medical VLMs on zero‑shot tasks such as density assessment, BI‑RADS classification, finding subtyping, and cancer prediction, while also providing better lesion localization than Grad‑CAM.
By Young Seok Jeon, Beatrice Brown-Mulry, Rohan Satya Isaac, Anjana Dissanayaka, Theo Dapamede, Mohammadreza Chavoshi, Judy Gichoya, Hari Trivedi
The paper introduces a Hybrid Cross-Modal Attention Network (HCMAN) that fuses mammogram images with structured clinical data using transformer-based cross‑modal attention. Trained on a locally collected dataset of 2,560 images from 1,024 Ethiopian patients, the model achieves 97.8% accuracy, 97.2% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, and an AUC of 0.987, outperforming image‑only baselines and maintaining robustness to low‑quality images. Its lightweight design allows inference in under two seconds on a standard CPU, making it suitable for deployment in resource‑limited clinical settings.
By Simon Hadush Nrea (Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia), Filimon Gidey Gebremichael (Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia), Gebrekirstos Hagos Gebrekirstos (Clinical Oncologist London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK), Yaecob Girmay Gezahegn (Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia)
The paper introduces a lightweight attention-based CNN (CNN-Attention) for binary skin cancer classification that uses channel attention to highlight informative dermoscopic regions while keeping computational demands low. Trained on a dataset of 2,637 images, the model achieved 87 % accuracy, 0.9475 ROC AUC, and 0.9430 PR AUC, matching MobileNet’s performance with roughly half the parameters and storage. Saliency maps are employed to provide explainability by visualizing the image areas that influence predictions.
By Sanjana Islam Kasfia, Md. Ismiel Hossen Abir, AKM Bahalul Haque, Abir Mahmud Shahariar
OncoVision is a privileged‑information training framework that learns from mammography images and clinical data during training but performs inference using only mammographic images. It employs an attention‑based encoder‑decoder to jointly segment masses, calcifications, axillary findings, and breast tissue, and predicts ten structured clinical features such as BI‑RADS. Two late‑fusion strategies (Independent and Dependent) integrate imaging, radiomic, and clinical information to improve diagnostic precision, and a retrospective multi‑reader study showed higher diagnostic confidence, reduced reading time, and segmentation accuracy comparable to or better than radiologists.
By Istiak Ahmed, Galib Ahmed, K. Shahriar Sanjid, Md. Tanzim Hossain, Md. Nishan Khan, Md. Misbah Khan, Md. Arifur Rahman, Sheikh Anisul Haque, Sharmin Akhtar Rupa, Mohammed Mejbahuddin Mia, Mahmud Hasan Mostofa Kamal, Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker, M. Monir Uddin
arXiv:2609.14676v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Purpose: To compare four multimodal large language models (MLLMs) with radiologists of varying expertise in breast density assessment, BI-RADS assessme...
By Ali Abbasian Ardakani, Afshin Mohammadi, Taha Yusuf Kuzan, Beyza Nur Kuzan, Alisa Mohebbi, Masume Behruzi, Hamid Khorshidi, Ashkan Ghorbani, Elham Asadiara, Zeinab Khorshidi Lotfi, Ansar Rahman, Nedim Christoph Beste, U. Rajendra Acharya, Sepideh Hatamikia
arXiv:2608. 10271v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Breast density classification is a critical component of breast cancer risk assessment, yet AI models often struggle to generalize across clinical sites due to vendor-specific acquisition styles.
By Hongyi Pan, Gorkem Durak, Halil Ertugrul Aktas, Andrea Mia Bejar, Mustafa Ege Seker, Nebile Alibeyoglu, Rumeysa Guclu, Rana Gunoz Comert Bozkurt, Sibel Ozkan Gurdal, Neslihan Cabioglu, Beyza Ozcinar, Ravza Yilmaz, Vahit Ozmen, Erkin Aribal, Sukru Mehmet Erturk, Yalda Zafari, Mohamed Mabrok, Kayhan Batmanghelich, Mohammad Yaqub, Ziyue Xu, Ulas Bagci
arXiv:2607. 10188v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, yet accurate detection and characterization of breast masses in mammography remain challenging due to subtle intensity variations, heterogeneous tissue densities, and indistinct lesion boundaries that complicate radiological interpretation.
By Abu Fatema Mohammad Abdun Noor, Md Imam Ahasan, Md Samiul Ahasan, Kah Ong Michael Goh, S M Hasan Mahmud, Raihana Zannat
CLARiTy is a vision transformer model that jointly performs multi‑label classification and weakly‑supervised localization of chest X‑ray pathologies. It uses class‑specific tokens to produce attention maps and a SegmentCAM module to refine foreground segmentation with anatomical priors. Trained on NIH ChestXray14 image‑level labels and distilled from a ConvNeXtV2 teacher, CLARiTy achieves competitive classification and strong localization, especially for small pathologies, outperforming prior methods by up to 50.7% relative Macro IoU accuracy.
By John M. Statheros, Hairong Wang, Richard Klein