arXiv AI

Learning to Remember: End-to-End Training of Memory Agents for Long-Context Reasoning

The paper introduces the Unified Memory Agent (UMA), a system that builds a query‑agnostic external memory from a data stream and reuses it across multiple question‑answering sessions. UMA employs a single policy to manage a structured Memory Bank via CRUD operations and uses Task‑Stratified GRPO to supervise memory maintenance based on QA trajectory rewards. The authors also present Ledger‑QA, a benchmark for long‑horizon state tracking, and demonstrate that UMA outperforms other methods on test‑time learning and accurate‑retrieval tasks, with UMA‑Specialist further improving performance after task adaptation.

arXiv AI
Jun 30

Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactions

arXiv:2507. 05257v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents primarily focus on evaluating reasoning, planning, and execution capabilities, while another critical component-memory, encompassing how agents memorize, update, and retrieve long-term information-is under-evaluated due to the lack of benchmarks.

By Yuanzhe Hu, Yu Wang, Julian McAuley
arXiv Computation and Language
1d ago

Harness the Memory: A Holistic Evaluation of Memory Substrates in Memory Agents

The paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of 11 memory substrates for long‑horizon LLM agents, using a unified set of 26 performance and efficiency metrics across three backbone models and four benchmark suites. It finds that no single substrate consistently outperforms others; retrieval‑heavy substrates aid long‑context factual QA but can impair sequential decision‑making, and scalability can shift performance trade‑offs. The study demonstrates that selecting a memory substrate tailored to the operating regime yields better results than any fixed choice, offering empirical guidance for designing efficient, reliable, and regime‑aware long‑term memory systems.

By Wei-Chieh Huang, Weizhi Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Yankai Chen, Eric Hanchen Jiang, Wooseong Yang, Yiwei Yang, Henry Peng Zou, Hanrong Zhang, Ying Nian Wu, Haolun Wu, Kai-Wei Chang, Philip S. Yu, Xue Liu, Aylin Caliskan
arXiv AI
Oct 16

All-in-One Memory: Process-Rewarded Reinforcement Learning for Memory Agents

All-in-One Memory (AiO-Mem) is a reinforcement learning framework that unifies memory retrieval, writing, and stopping decisions into a single reward space. It compiles diverse histories into traceable multi‑view events, uses a unified policy actor to generate interaction trajectories, and employs a trajectory‑conditioned process reward model trained with supervised fine‑tuning and DPO. Experiments on long‑context memory benchmarks show AiO‑Mem consistently improves answer accuracy compared to static memory systems and other RL‑trained agents.

By Bingbing Wang, Jingjie Lin, Weiming Qiao, Jing Li, Ruifeng Xu
arXiv AI
Jul 16

Memory as a Controlled Process: Learned Adaptive Memory Management for LLM Agents

arXiv:2607. 13591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external memory systems to accumulate experience across tasks.

By Eric Hanchen Jiang, Zhi Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Levina Li, Dong Liu, Xiao Liang, Rui Sun, Yubei Li, Edward Sun, Haozheng Luo, Zhaolu Kang, Aylin Caliskan, Kai-Wei Chang, Ying Nian Wu
arXiv AI
1d ago

Route to Remember: Adaptive Memory Selection for LLM Agents

The paper introduces OPSD, a method that uses on‑policy self‑distillation to train a context‑free student model from a teacher conditioned on user memory, combined with a verify‑then‑regenerate router that directs queries to either weight or text memory. OPSD enables weight memory to compete with or surpass traditional text‑based memory systems on the HaluMem benchmark, reducing token usage per query. The study also explores how different training recipes influence weight memory performance and offers guidance for integrating it with retrieval in persistent, multi‑session agent deployments.

By Zeyu Fang, Jun Yin, Yongsheng Mei, Xu Han, Chaitali Joshi, Zhongkai Sun, Jie Hao, Bin Guo, Chengyuan Ma, Benjamin Z. Yao, Chenlei Guo