TurnBench is a new multi‑domain benchmark for evaluating turn‑taking dynamics in spoken dialogue. It comprises a 30‑hour hand‑labeled corpus of dyadic human conversations, a standardized evaluation protocol for end‑of‑turn and interruption detection, and covers six distinct interaction styles with triple annotation. The benchmark also provides a 104‑hour training set, a public leaderboard, and an interactive dataset viewer at https://turnbench.sesame.com.
By Freeman Jiang, Ramon Sanabria, Soham Deshmukh, Bandhav Veluri, Simon Michael Vuch Williams, Elliott K. Suen, Garreth Lee, Kevin Yoonho Choi, Takuya Umeki, Riku Kubo, Sathvik Udupa, Chien-yu Huang, Shih-Yun Shan Kuan, Zhuoyan Tao, Satyapriya Krishna, Sefik Emre Eskimez, Yu Tsao, Hung-yi Lee, Shinji Watanabe
arXiv:2609.27372v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Benchmarks for full-duplex spoken dialogue models score turn-taking with binary fixed-window rules that reward immediate response or silence by compl...
By Kian Shamsaie, Iman Modarressi
Full-duplex speech models require training data that preserves turn-taking, overlap, interruption, and backchannel behavior, yet these signals are entangled across speakers in noisy real-world recordi...
arXiv:2610.20172v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Full-duplex speech systems must decide when to enter, hold, or relinquish the conversational floor, even as multiple speakers overlap or backchannel...
By Puneet Mathur, Dinesh Manocha
PERSIST is a persistent memory system designed for multi-session, multi-speaker spoken dialogue, explicitly modeling Who, What, and When to enable voice assistants to recall past conversations and adapt to individual users. It structures cross-session histories into readable event records and retrieves them using a 3W joint scoring mechanism that combines semantic content, acoustic speaker identity, and temporal state. By reusing intermediate representations from the dialogue backbone, PERSIST reduces retrieval latency from 578.42 ms to 7.03 ms and achieves 85.08% end‑to‑end task accuracy on the SpokenTrace benchmark, improving EM@3 from 49.01% to 82.10%.
By Achira Lin, Siyuan Hou, Wenyi Yu, Xinnian Zhao, Haoyu Niu, Wang Geng, Longshuai Xiao, Shihai Xiao, Mangsuo Zhao, Chao Zhang
The study evaluates conversational speech models by placing them at 427 pauses and 482 turn ends from 176 unscripted conversations, scoring their responses on timing, latency, length, wording, and recall of recent dialogue. Hosted APIs (GPT Realtime, Gemini 3.1 Flash Live, Grok Voice) respond at almost every pause, with latency ranging from 1–4 s for silence-based endpointers and about 8 s for semantic turn detection, while full‑duplex models (PersonaPlex, Moshi) remain silent more often and can interrupt within human reaction time. Recall rates vary: hosted systems remember 41–60 % of facts under a Claude Opus 5.5 judge and 19–26 % with a strict word matcher; full‑duplex models recall 17–22 % and 12–15 % respectively.
By Arya Bastani, Iman Modarressi
arXiv:2610.34653v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Latency-sensitive spoken agents must know not only which tool to call, but also when they have heard enough to act. Waiting for the turn to complete de...
By Yizhou Peng, Chen Chen, Donghang Wu, Hexin Liu, Eng Siong Chng
arXiv:2607. 01345v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Turn-taking naturalness is central to full-duplex spoken dialogue systems, yet its automatic evaluation remains limited.
By Hao Zhang, Thomas Thebaud, Georgi Tinchev, Venkatesh Ravichandran, Laureano Moro-Velazquez
arXiv:2608.28630v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Compared with half-duplex dialogue systems where the system waits for user turn completion before it responds, natural full-duplex dialogue systems r...
By Tianrui Pan, Qinglin Zhang, Chong Deng, Luyao Cheng, Qian Chen, Wen Wang, Jie Tang, Gangshan Wu, Jie Liu
ECHO is a new paired diagnostic benchmark designed for Chinese full‑duplex spoken dialogue systems to evaluate context‑sensitive turn‑taking. It pairs examples that share the same overlap transcript but differ in preceding multi‑turn context, requiring either a Yield or Keep decision, and also includes off‑talk cases to test unnecessary yielding. The benchmark introduces pair accuracy, penalizing constant‑action policies, and shows that many systems are biased toward Yield, performing better on interruptions than on backchannels.
By Shuofeng Zhao, Hongwei Cai, Wenke Fan, Qingxiang Guo, Dawei Yang, Zhou Wang, Zhiyang Zhou, Yingxin Shang, Weixu Wang, Lin Yang, Shuran Zhou, Yang Song
arXiv:2608.16053v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Synthetic conversational speech has become an important resource for developing and evaluating conversational speech systems. However, existing dia...
By Pengcheng Wang, Sheng Li, Jiyi Li, Takahiro Shinozaki
arXiv:2606. 07547v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speech-based large language models are typically constrained to spoken replies, which limits their user-facing outputs to what can be verbalized and suppresses text-native capabilities such as code generation, structured analysis, and multi-step reasoning in realtime interaction, for tasks that require persistent, structured, and inspectable intermediate outputs.
By Luoyuan Zhang, Bokai Xu, Junbo Cui, Weiyue Sun, Yingjing Xu, Hanyu Liu, Yuan Yao