arXiv Machine Learning

Measure First, Then Allocate: Calibrated Rollout Budgets for MCP Agents in Reinforcement Learning

arXiv AI
Sep 30

Targeting Pivotal Decisions for Credit Assignment in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2609.36178v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has become a promising approach for training large language model agents. However, its uniform assignment o...

By Dongwon Jung, Hemanth Neelgund Ramesh, Yifan Wang, Xiaomin Li, Yuexing Hao, Yu Hu, Muhao Chen, Varun Chandrasekaran, Andrzej Banburski-Fahey, Jaron Lanier
arXiv AI
Oct 12

Matched-Context Group Policy Optimization for LLM Agent Training

Matched-Context Group Policy Optimization (MCGPO) is a method for training long-horizon language model agents by constructing weighted action preferences from pre-collected trajectories. It defines comparison contexts using pre-action state summaries and rubric progress, and employs two-action support with exact and coarse matching rules to weight evidence for learning. Experiments across six environment-backbone settings show that MCGPO improves mean success rates over matched GraphGPO, achieving up to 5.16 percentage point gains on WebShop with Qwen3-4B and 8B models.

By Chenxu Zhang, Yaorui Shi, Wenlong Zhang, Jianchao Tan, Zihan Wang, Yiming Cheng
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 16

Where Should RL Post-Training Compute Go? Model Size, Search, Learning, and Feedback

arXiv:2607. 13389v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training is increasingly used to adapt foundation models for reasoning, planning, and feedback-driven robot-learning pipelines, but constrained post-training resources are often summarized by a single total FLOP budget.

By Patrick Wilhelm, Odej Kao
arXiv AI
Jun 10

TRACE: A Unified Rollout Budget Allocation Framework for Efficient Agentic Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2606. 11119v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for enhancing reasoning and agentic behavior in large language models.

By Heming Zou, Qi Wang, Yun Qu, Yuhang Jiang, Lizhou Cai, Yixiu Mao, Ru Peng, Xin Xu, Weijie Liu, Kai Yang, Saiyong Yang, Xiangyang Ji
arXiv AI
Sep 18

MATCH: Model-Aware Tool Learning with Curriculum Scheduling and Hierarchically Gated Rewards

MATCH is a closed‑loop framework for model‑aware tool learning that combines curriculum scheduling with hierarchically gated rewards. It introduces Model‑Aware Curriculum Learning (MACL), which dynamically adjusts sample difficulty based on reward signals, and Hierarchical Tool‑call Gated Reward (HTGR), which allocates credit at the tool name, argument key, and argument value levels only when prerequisites are met. Experiments on API‑Bank and BFCL V3 show MATCH achieving 72.19% and 62.87% overall accuracy, outperforming both supervised and RL‑based baselines across multiple backbone models.

By Shihao Liu, Hao Yin, Lijun Liu, Zhengzong Chen, Yuanyuan Zhao, Fei Huang
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 30

Early Verdicts, Better Budgets: Sequential Adaptive Rollout Allocation for Compute-Efficient RLVR

arXiv:2607. 26253v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is bottlenecked by rollout generation, yet many sampled prompts produce saturated groups (all responses correct or all incorrect) whose zero reward variance yields no policy-gradient signal.

By Pixel Nomand, Elena Voss, Marcus Hale, Sofia Reyes