arXiv Machine Learning

Eyes on the Image: Gaze Supervised Multimodal Learning for Chest X-ray Diagnosis and Report Generation

The paper presents a two‑stage multimodal framework for chest X‑ray interpretation that incorporates radiologist gaze data from the MIMIC‑Eye dataset. Stage 1 introduces a gaze‑token classifier that fuses image patches, bounding‑box masks, transcription embeddings, and fixation maps, and a curriculum‑scheduled loss that improves accuracy and spatial alignment, yielding a 4.4% AUC gain and 13.3% F1 improvement. Stage 2 translates classifier predictions into region‑specific diagnostic sentences using confidence‑weighted keywords, an expert dictionary, and a prompted large language model, boosting clinical‑term BERTScore and ROUGE over keyword baselines.

arXiv AI
Aug 26

Predicting Radiologist Expertise from 3D Gaze Patterns During CT Interpretation

The study introduces a gaze-informed transformer framework that classifies radiologist expertise during thoracic CT interpretation by integrating eye‑tracking data into volumetric feature learning. Using a DINOv2 backbone, the model incorporates a learnable log‑space bias in self‑attention and gaze‑weighted pooling of patch embeddings. Trained on 182 CT reading sessions from five radiologists, it achieved an ROC‑AUC of 0.91 and an F1 score of 0.86, outperforming adapted baseline methods.

By Leila Khaertdinova, Anna Anikina, Claudia Mello-Thoms, Bulat Ibragimov
arXiv AI
Aug 5

CARE-X: Towards Clinically Useful Radiology VLMs with Auxiliary Supervision, Reward-Aligned Learning, and Tool-Augmented Measurement

arXiv:2608. 03890v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A clinically useful chest X-ray system must go beyond fluent report generation: it should classify findings with tunable decision thresholds, localize them spatially, and derive the anatomical measurements upon which many diagnoses depend.

By Mercy Prasanna Ranjit, Anirban Porya, Sathvik Joel, Niharika Vadlamudi, Nikhilesh Chowdary Eathamukkala, Prasanth V V, Abhyuday Kumara Swamy, Pranay Narhari Umredkar, Pradeep Narayan, Vivek Rajagopal, Tanuja Ganu
arXiv AI
Aug 18

Thinking with Gaze: Sequential Eye-Tracking as Visual Reasoning Supervision for Medical VLMs

arXiv:2603. 06697v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision--language models (VLMs) process images as visual tokens, yet their intermediate reasoning is often carried out in text, which can be suboptimal for visually grounded radiology tasks.

By Yiwei Li, Yifan Zhou, Huaqin Zhao, Zihao Wu, Zhengliang Liu, Xiang Li, Quanzheng Li, Tianming Liu, Lin Zhao
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Jun 29

SHOVIR: A Benchmark for Evaluating Vision Shortcut Learning in Radiology Report Generation

Current evaluation protocols for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in Radiology Report Generation (RRG) rely on report-level metrics that measure lexical overlap or aggregate clinical correctness. However, such metrics do not test whether individual diagnostic statements stem from the actual pathological evidence visible in the image.

arXiv Computer Vision
Aug 25

Expert-level vision-language foundation model for real-world radiology and comprehensive evaluation

arXiv:2409.16183v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Radiology is a vital and complex component of modern clinical workflow and covers many tasks. Recently, vision-language (VL) foundation models in m...

By Xiaohong Liu, Guoxing Yang, Yulin Luo, Jiaji Mao, Xiang Zhang, Haibo Wang, Zhiyang He, Ming Gao, Shanghang Zhang, Jun Shen, Guangyu Wang
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 4

RadPRISM: Schema-stratified radiology-report supervision for concept-disentangled image representations and visual grounding

arXiv:2608. 00147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language pretraining learns rich medical image representations from radiology reports, but previous model variants commonly operate within a single shared embedding space, so concept-level structure and interpretability must be recovered post hoc, limiting model transparency and, hence, clinical utility.

By Fabian Drexel, Marlene Fritzsche, Era Stambollxhiu, Miriam Kumpf, Lena Schmitzer, Lea Schumann, Jannik Kahmann, Friedrich Puttkammer, Johannes Moll, Jannik L\"ubberstedt, Zeineb Ben Chaaben, Anirudh Narayanan, Cosmin I. Bercea, Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Marcus R. Makowski, Daniel Rueckert, Lisa C. Adams, Keno K. Bressem
arXiv AI
Jul 1

Seeing Through Multiple Views: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning via Selective Neurons for Consistent Radiology Report Generation

arXiv:2606. 31099v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent years have seen substantial advances in radiology report generation (RRG), yet existing approaches predominantly adopt direct feature fusion when handling multi-view X-ray images.

By Yucheng Chen, Jinjing Zhu, Yang Yu, Yufei Shi, Hane Naghshbandi, Jinhua Liu, Angela S. Koh, Fang Fen, Kian Eng Ong, Si Yong Yeo
arXiv AI
6d ago

Co-Annotator: Expert-Distilled ViT and VLM for Visual and Documentation Guidance in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Co-Annotator is a clinical AI system that distills expert gaze and dictation into two guidance components: a gaze‑aligned Vision Transformer that highlights fixation‑aligned areas of interest (AOIs) and an ontology‑bounded vision‑language model that pre‑fills editable biomarker summaries for retinal OCT. In controlled studies, each modality independently improved diagnostic accuracy and biomarker generation, and when combined across two academic institutions, the system increased correct diagnoses per minute by 40% and reduced comment editing time by 67% without compromising accuracy.

By Ziheng "Leo" Li, Benjamin Freeman, Akshay Raman, Kavin Aravindhan Rajkumar, Xinxin Fang, Rishabh Srivastava, Steven Feiner, Kaveri A. Thakoor
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 30

Rethinking Clinical Relevance in Chest X-ray Machine Learning: How Evaluation References Define Performance

arXiv:2607. 26333v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chest X-ray (CXR) machine learning relies heavily on automated evaluation using reference standards that aim to approximate clinical judgment.

By Panagiotis Fytas, Ian Selby, Clemens Karner, Judith Babar, Simon Baker, Jake Beckford, Timothy J. Sadler, Shahab Shahipasand, Arthikkaa Thavakumar, John Li Chen, Alex Sawer, Michael Roberts, Jonathan Weir-McCall, J. H. F. Rudd, Carola-Bibiane Sch\"onlieb, Anna Korhonen, Anna Breger
arXiv AI
Jul 8

Harrison.Rad 1.5 Technical Report: A radiology foundation model that can draft reports from images, priors and clinical context

arXiv:2607. 05880v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Imaging demand is growing faster than the radiology workforce can expand, and reporting backlogs cannot be resolved through training and recruitment alone.

By Suneeta Mall, Vladimir Nekrasov, Ashnil Kumar, Sajith Karunasena, Aiden Nibali, Alix Bird, Mateo Diaz Shine, Jarrel Seah