End-to-end models that map multimodal inputs directly to future trajectories/maneuvers have emerged as an increasingly prominent research paradigm in autonomous driving. This class of models includes both Vision-Language-Action models and trajectory-generative planners.
arXiv:2606. 17362v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous driving has shifted towards end-to-end policy learning, where reliable, interpretable policy evaluation is a fundamental challenge as driving quality is highly context-dependent.
arXiv:2609.36851v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: End-to-end autonomous driving policies are commonly trained via imitation learning on logged demonstrations without observing the consequences of their...
The paper introduces Latent Action Driving Annotations (LADA), a three‑stage pipeline that converts large amounts of unlabelled observation‑trajectory data into a language‑conditioned driving model. First, a latent action model with a vector‑quantised bottleneck learns a compact codebook of vehicle intents. Then, a small set of language‑annotated examples trains a vision‑language translator to map observations and instructions into this codebook, and finally a VLA is trained on observation‑latent‑action pairs across the full corpus. Using less than 5% of language annotations, LADA attains a Driving Score of 87.98 and a Success Rate of 70.46% on Bench2Drive, matching or surpassing fully supervised baselines.
arXiv:2609.38641v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) foundation models have recently emerged as one of the prevailing solutions for autonomous driving, as they can utilize kno...
arXiv:2510. 12560v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: End-to-end autonomous driving models trained with imitation learning (IL) often generalize poorly, particularly in long-tail scenarios where expert demonstrations are sparse.
arXiv:2609. 28366v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) offer a promising approach to long-tail autonomous driving, but existing driving datasets provide limited supervision for connecting decision-critical visual evidence with reasoning and planning.
OPTED is a method for on‑policy fine‑tuning of end‑to‑end driving models that separates reinforcement learning from the policy update. A privileged teacher trained with RL on vectorized inputs (HD‑maps and bounding boxes) supervises the pre‑trained student during closed‑loop post‑training. Applied to the camera‑based models TransFuser and VaVAM in AlpaSim, OPTED boosts driving scores by 1.6× and 9.5×, respectively, while requiring roughly three orders of magnitude fewer simulator interactions than direct RL post‑training.
SimWAM is a lightweight World-Action Model that uses future‑video prediction only during training to supervise an action expert, enabling end‑to‑end autonomous driving without costly test‑time future imagination. The architecture co‑trains a pretrained video expert and a lightweight action expert via joint flow matching, while an isolated attention mask keeps action prediction independent of future frames. This design allows the video backbone to be swapped and the action expert scaled independently, achieving 91.5 PDMS on NAVSIM, outperforming state‑of‑the‑art WAM planners with lower latency and zero‑shot transfer to nuScenes.
The paper presents a compact multimodal policy trained via behavioral cloning to drive autonomously in the CARLA simulator. Using five‑frame histories of RGB images, LiDAR, telemetry, and lane waypoints, the 1.36‑million‑parameter model predicts throttle, brake, and steering at 20 Hz. Trained on 236,882 windows (≈3.3 hours of driving) from 448 captures, the policy drives for hours on both training and unseen routes without collisions, demonstrating qualitative transfer and recovery from large trajectory deviations.
HERMES is a holistic end‑to‑end multimodal driving framework that incorporates long‑tail semantic knowledge into trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles. It uses a foundation‑model‑assisted annotation pipeline to build Long‑Tail Scene Context and Long‑Tail Planning Context, capturing hazard‑centric scene information, maneuver intent, and risk‑aware guidance. A Tri‑Modal Driving Module then fuses multi‑view visual observations, historical ego‑motion, and long‑tail semantic instructions to generate intent‑ and risk‑aware trajectories, achieving consistent performance gains on a large‑scale real‑world long‑tail driving benchmark.
We present Qwen-Drive-1.0, an initial step towards a vision-language foundation model for autonomous driving. Qwen-Drive-1.0 retains the architecture of the pretrained vision-language model (VLM) and...
arXiv:2606. 18247v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robots deployed in the real world should learn from their experience and improve over time.