The paper introduces Latent Action Driving Annotations (LADA), a three‑stage pipeline that converts large amounts of unlabelled observation‑trajectory data into a language‑conditioned driving model. First, a latent action model with a vector‑quantised bottleneck learns a compact codebook of vehicle intents. Then, a small set of language‑annotated examples trains a vision‑language translator to map observations and instructions into this codebook, and finally a VLA is trained on observation‑latent‑action pairs across the full corpus. Using less than 5% of language annotations, LADA attains a Driving Score of 87.98 and a Success Rate of 70.46% on Bench2Drive, matching or surpassing fully supervised baselines.
By Alexey Zakharov, Kemal Oksuz, Puneet K. Dokania
arXiv:2512. 05277v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as the perception and reasoning backbone of autonomous agents acting in the wild, with autonomous driving (AD) being one of the most safety-critical instances.
By Kevin Cannons, Saeed Ranjbar Alvar, Mohammad Asiful Hossain, Ahmad Rezaei, Mohsen Gholami, Alireza Heidarikhazaei, Zhou Weimin, Yong Zhang, Mohammad Akbari
arXiv:2606. 14010v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for end-to-end autonomous driving by jointly modeling visual perception, language reasoning, explainability and action prediction.
By Xiangyu Huang, Zhenlin Hua, Han Zhou, Shounak Sural, Ragunathan Rajkumar
arXiv:2512. 05277v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as the perception and reasoning backbone of autonomous agents acting in the wild, with autonomous driving (AD) being one of the most safety-critical instances.
By Kevin Cannons, Saeed Ranjbar Alvar, Mohammad Asiful Hossain, Ahmad Rezaei, Mohsen Gholami, Alireza Heidarikhazaei, Zhou Weimin, Yong Zhang, Mohammad Akbari
arXiv:2609.18623v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: State-of-the-art vision-language-action models (VLA) for autonomous driving face critical limitations: excessive parameter counts, inefficient high-res...
By Kemal Oksuz, Alexandru Buburuzan, Yuhan Yao, Puneet K. Dokania
arXiv:2608.21440v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models have advanced end-to-end autonomous driving by leveraging foundation models for semantic reasoning and long-tail...
By Ran Chen, Jiaxing Ren, Zhikun Zhang, Yunhao Hou, Junbao Zhuo, Bochao Zou
PRIME introduces a perception feedback mechanism for Vision‑Language‑Action models in autonomous driving, conditioning perceptual queries on a Situational Memory that aggregates past perception, reasoning, navigation goals, and predicted behaviors via cross‑attention. This approach adds only 29.7 M parameters (0.41 % of a 7.3 B‑parameter base model) and enables intent‑driven perceptual attention at minimal computational cost. On the Bench2Drive closed‑loop benchmark, PRIME achieves a state‑of‑the‑art Driving Score of 82.47 and a Success Rate of 60.00 %, outperforming prior models such as ORION.
By Erik Deinzer, Naya Baslan, Luca Paparusso, Narunas Vaskevicius, Peter Knott, Luigi Palmieri
Latent-CoT-Drive (LCDrive) is a vision‑language‑action model for autonomous driving that replaces natural‑language chain‑of‑thought reasoning with a latent language capturing possible outcomes of driving actions. The model interleaves action‑proposal tokens, aligned with the model’s output actions, and world‑model tokens grounded in a learned latent world model to reason about future outcomes. After a supervised cold‑start using ground‑truth future rollouts, LCDrive is further refined with closed‑loop reinforcement learning, achieving faster inference, higher‑quality trajectories, and greater gains from interactive RL than both non‑reasoning and text‑reasoning baselines on a large‑scale end‑to‑end driving benchmark.
By Shuhan Tan, Kashyap Chitta, Yuxiao Chen, Ran Tian, Yurong You, Yan Wang, Wenjie Luo, Yulong Cao, Philipp Krahenbuhl, Marco Pavone, Boris Ivanovic
arXiv:2606. 28758v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting future states is essential for autonomous agents, yet current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models fundamentally lack this capability, relying instead on reactive perception-action mapping.
By Bohao Zhao, Chengrui Wei, Guangfeng Jiang, Ruixin Liu, Xuejie Lv, Liu Liang, Sutao Deng, Xiuyang Fan, Pengkun Zheng, Jinyun Zhou, Rui Guo, Hanpeng Liu, Yutong Zheng, Yi Guo, Xinlong Zheng, Qingyu Luo, Zhuangzhuang Ding, Yu Zhang, Hang Zhang, Xianming Liu
Qwen-Drive-1.0 is a vision‑language foundation model tailored for autonomous driving that builds on a pretrained VLM architecture. It incorporates a bird’s‑eye‑view perception head for 3D object detection, semantic occupancy prediction, and BEV map segmentation, and a Planning Expert that generates future ego trajectories from shared representations. Experiments show strong 3D perception, driving scene understanding, and competitive motion‑planning performance while largely preserving general vision‑language capabilities.
By Xin Zhou, Zongchuang Zhao, Zhibo Yang, Mingsheng Li, Humen Zhong, Shuai Bai, Du Chu, Ruizhe Chen, Zhaohai Li, Jun Tang, Qiuyue Wang, Mingkun Yang, Jiazhao Zhang, Dayiheng Liu, Dingkang Liang, Xiang Bai
arXiv:2603. 18315v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods rely on manually engineered rewards or sparse collision signals, which fail to capture the rich contextual understanding required for safe driving and make unsafe exploration unavoidable in real-world settings.
By Zilin Huang, Zihao Sheng, Zhengyang Wan, Yansong Qu, Junwei You, Sicong Jiang, Sikai Chen
arXiv:2608. 12854v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous driving requires planning under both semantic constraints and predictive dynamics.
By Bing Zhan, Shuyao Shang, Jiahao Gu, Shuo Lu, Yuan Xu, Zhao Wang, Yida Wang, Xueyang Zhang, Kun Zhan, Lue Fan, Zhaoxiang Zhang