arXiv Machine Learning

Model Capacity Determines Grokking through Competing Memorisation and Generalisation Speeds

arXiv:2605. 09724v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing accounts of grokking explain the phenomena in terms of mechanistic frameworks such as circuit efficiency or lazy-to-rich transitions.

arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 11

Quantifying the Memorization-to-Generalization Transition: Scaling Laws and Phase Structure in Grokking

The study investigates the delayed transition from memorization to generalization—known as grokking—in two‑hidden‑layer MLPs trained on modular arithmetic. By exploring 384 hyperparameter configurations, the authors derive a power‑law scaling relation for the onset time of generalization, showing that data complexity dominates over model capacity. A clear phase boundary at weight decay around 1.0 separates grokking from non‑grokking regimes, and weight norm trajectories indicate implicit regularization during the transition.

By Anish Kataria
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Jul 15

Algebraic Representability as the Limiting Regime of Grokking: An Exactly Solvable Model with Holomorphic Activations

Neural networks trained on modular arithmetic exhibit grokking, a delayed transition from memorisation to generalisation known to depend on model capacity: too little and the network memorises slowly or not at all, too much and it generalises almost immediately. What happens at the extreme of this spectrum, when the architecture's expressible function class collapses to a finite-dimensional algebraic variety?

arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 24

Scaling of Capability and Efficiency at Inference Time in Large Reasoning Models

The paper investigates how large language models (LLMs) balance capability and efficiency when using Chain-of-Thought reasoning on arithmetic and algorithmic tasks. It finds that while larger models solve more problems correctly, the improvement follows an exponential decay that slows with scale, indicating diminishing returns. Additionally, the length of reasoning output grows with problem size but does not improve with larger models, suggesting efficiency does not benefit from scaling.

By Moritz Laber, Zohair Shafi, Germans Savcisens, Brennan Klein, Matteo Chinazzi, Samuel V. Scarpino, Albert-L\'aszl\'o Barab\'asi, Tina Eliassi-Rad
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 16

Algebraic Representability as the Limiting Regime of Grokking: An Exactly Solvable Model with Holomorphic Activations

arXiv:2607. 13749v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural networks trained on modular arithmetic exhibit grokking, a delayed transition from memorisation to generalisation known to depend on model capacity: too little and the network memorises slowly or not at all, too much and it generalises almost immediately.

By Chon-Fai Kam, Xavier Cadet, Miloud Bessafi, Frederic Cadet
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 5

Capability Scaling-Down Laws for LLM Compression

The paper presents a systematic study of how different compression techniques—pruning, quantization, and distillation—affect the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in tasks such as mathematics, code generation, and question answering. It introduces a framework that measures capability loss and relates it to factors like model size, training stage, and compression settings, yielding simple predictive relations that generalize across unseen configurations. The authors demonstrate that sharing density responses across pruning levels can dramatically reduce the number of measurements needed, and that their predictive models closely match regression results while offering efficient decision guidance for compression method selection.

By Xueqi Cheng, Liang Wu, Kelly Wan, Liangjie Hong, Yushun Dong
arXiv AI
Aug 13

AI4AI at Test-Time: Strong-to-Weak Capability Transfer via Harnesses

arXiv:2608. 12307v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent work on distillation transfers the capabilities of large models to smaller ones often by updating the latter's parameters, through teacher forcing, on-policy distillation, and related training-time methods.

By Cheng Qian, Wenting Zhao, Liangwei Yang, Heng Wang, Jielin Qiu, Heng Ji, Silvio Savarese, Huan Wang, Shelby Heinecke