The paper introduces XCal-FL, a federated learning algorithm that dynamically calibrates differential privacy noise using three signals—prediction logit variations, counterfactual margins, and saliency concentration—to improve both predictive accuracy and explanation fidelity. Experiments on medical imaging datasets demonstrate that XCal-FL outperforms static-noise and state‑of‑the‑art adaptive DP methods, achieving over 10% better accuracy and up to fivefold higher explanation fidelity while using privacy budgets more efficiently. The study highlights that explanation fidelity behaves non‑linearly with privacy loss, indicating that explainability is a separate dimension of the privacy trade‑off.
By Michael Khavkin, Kichang Lee, Jaeho Jin, JeongGil Ko, Eran Toch
The paper introduces XCal-FL, a federated learning algorithm that dynamically calibrates differential privacy noise using three signals—prediction logit variations, counterfactual margins, and saliency concentration—to improve both predictive accuracy and explanation fidelity. Experiments on medical imaging datasets demonstrate that XCal-FL outperforms static-noise and state‑of‑the‑art adaptive DP methods, achieving over 10% better accuracy and up to five‑fold higher explanation fidelity while using privacy budgets more efficiently. The study reveals that explanation fidelity behaves non‑linearly with privacy loss, indicating that explainability is a separate dimension of the privacy trade‑off that cannot be inferred from utility alone.
arXiv:2601. 19618v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Differential privacy protects the patients whose images train medical imaging models, but it lowers diagnostic accuracy, and the initialization is the strongest known remedy.
By Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh, Mina Farajiamiri, Mahshad Lotfinia, Behrus Hinrichs-Puladi, Jonas Bienzeisler, Mohamed Alhaskir, Mirabela Rusu, Christiane Kuhl, Sven Nebelung, Daniel Truhn
The paper introduces Differential Privacy Representation Geometry for Medical Imaging (DP‑RGMI), a framework that interprets differential privacy as a structured transformation of representation space. DP‑RGMI decomposes performance loss into encoder geometry—measured by representation displacement and spectral effective dimension—and task‑head utilization, quantified by the gap between linear‑probe and end‑to‑end utility. Across 594,000 chest X‑ray images from four datasets, the study finds that differential privacy consistently creates a utilization gap even when linear separability remains, while displacement and spectral dimension vary non‑monotonically with initialization and dataset, indicating that privacy alters representation anisotropy rather than uniformly collapsing features.
By Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh, Marziyeh Mohammadi, Sven Nebelung, Daniel Truhn
arXiv:2604.12411v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Segmentation models based on deep neural networks demonstrate strong generalization for medical image segmentation. However, they often exhibit ove...
By Qiuyu Tian, Haoliang Sun, Yunshan Wang, Yinghuan Shi, Yilong Yin
arXiv:2608. 04147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Label noise is common in medical imaging datasets due to factors such as inter-rater variability, annotation errors, and ambiguous cases.
By Abhishek Moturu, Babak Taati, Anna Goldenberg
arXiv:2606. 16180v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With new data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [1] that allow individuals to ask that any of their personal information be erased from trained machine learning models, there has been a push to investigate the unlearning of data from models as a way to comply with these laws.
By Nitesh Kumar Singh, Akhilesh Singh, Arjun Arora
arXiv:2607. 08867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cloud-based deep learning enables large-scale medical image analysis but raises significant privacy concerns when sensitive patient images are outsourced for model development.
By Jason Rojas, Jiajie He, Yash Patel, Yuechun Gu, Zeyun Yu, Keke Chen
GRIN+ is a new machine unlearning framework that targets fast and precise data erasure in imbalanced medical datasets. It separates unlearning‑specific knowledge from general representations by analyzing gradient contributions of forget and retain sets, introduces a class‑adaptive influence scoring to counter gradient dominance, and uses a direction‑constrained update to protect essential clinical knowledge. Benchmarks on skin cancer, brain tumor, and breast ultrasound data show that GRIN+ balances privacy, efficiency, and utility, achieving high diagnostic accuracy and faster runtime than existing methods.
By Minghui Huang, Junxiao Wang
arXiv:2607. 03103v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Clinical cardiac imaging pipelines currently deploy separate models for each dataset and modality, incurring redundant training costs and precluding knowledge sharing across anatomically related tasks.
By Jiahao Liu, Hang Wei, Shuai Wu
arXiv:2606. 29102v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Jointly learning to segment and classify medical images demands cross-task synergy, yet encoder-sharing architectures limit decoder reconstruction to task-private representations, permanently discarding the boundary cues and semantic priors each branch could supply to the other.
By Abdullah Al Shafi, Md Kawsar Mahmud Khan Zunayed, Safin Ahmmed, Sk Imran Hossain, Engelbert Mephu Nguifo
Acquiring pixel-level annotations for medical image segmentation is a severe bottleneck. Traditional U-Net architectures, while effective, learn local texture patterns and lack awareness of global ana...