arXiv Machine Learning

From Intelligence to Autonomy: Foundations and Construction of Autonomous Agents for Future Intelligent Systems

The paper defines an autonomous agent as a system that maintains task goals and viability within explicit identity and authority boundaries, continuously acting with world and self-models, and adjusting control mechanisms through feedback. It traces the evolution from homeostasis to biological autonomy and identifies six operationalization lines, culminating in a one-boundary, four-loop framework that organizes task execution, self-maintenance, metacontrol, and governed learning. Five simulation experiments test permission constraints, road-closure response, health maintenance, capability re-estimation, and cross-task learning, offering preliminary evidence for the feasibility of these mechanisms while noting the need for broader testing.

arXiv AI
Jun 19

ENPIRE: Agentic Robot Policy Self-Improvement in the Real World

arXiv:2606. 19980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Achieving dexterous robotic manipulation in the real world heavily relies on human supervision and algorithm engineering, which becomes a central bottleneck in the pursuit of general physical intelligence.

By Wenli Xiao, Jia Xie, Tonghe Zhang, Haotian Lin, Letian "Max" Fu, Haoru Xue, Jalen Lu, Yi Yang, Cunxi Dai, Zi Wang, Jimmy Wu, Guanzhi Wang, S. Shankar Sastry, Ken Goldberg, Linxi "Jim" Fan, Yuke Zhu, Guanya Shi
arXiv AI
Oct 27

RobotAgentBench: Towards Open-world Robot Autonomy

arXiv:2610.34649v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in vision-language-action (VLA) and world-action models (WAMs) have significantly improved robotic manipulation, yet deploying robots...

By Lingjun Mao, Jinglin Cao, Lukun He, Wenpeng Xu, Yuchen Yan, Hengyu Jin, Zijun Zhang, Jinzhou Tang, Songyao Jin, Ziche Liu, Yifei Shao, Junbo Huang, Fang Nan, Ruobing Han, Ziqiao Xi, Ziming Xu, Shuang Liang, Sibo Zhu, Wenyi Wu, Xinyue Wang, Yiming Huang, Xinkai Zou, Gao Zhu, Kun Zhou, Biwei Huang
arXiv AI
Jun 12

From Digital to Physical: Digital Agents as Autonomous Coaches for Physical Intelligence

arXiv:2601. 21570v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The field of Embodied AI is witnessing a rapid evolution toward general-purpose robotic systems, fueled by high-fidelity simulation and large-scale data collection.

By Zixing Lei, Genjia Liu, Yuanshuo Zhang, Qipeng Liu, Yuzhu Cai, Sixiang Chen, Jixian Wu, Yunhong Wang, Weixin Li, Chuan Wen, Bo Zhao, Shanghang Zhang, Wenzhao Lian, Siheng Chen
arXiv AI
Jul 2

ASPIRE: Agentic /Skills Discovery for Robotics

arXiv:2607. 00272v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Traditional robot programming is challenging: it requires orchestrating multimodal perception, managing physical contact dynamics, and handling diverse configurations and execution failures.

By Runyu Lu, Yubo Wu, Ethan Kou, Letian Fu, Wenli Xiao, Ajay Mandlekar, Yinzhen Xu, Guanya Shi, Ken Goldberg, Ang Chen, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Yuke Zhu, Linxi "Jim" Fan, Guanzhi Wang
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Toward Self-Adaptive Physical AI: Can LLM Agents Manage Long-Horizon Physical Tasks?

The paper investigates whether large language model (LLM) agents can autonomously manage long‑horizon physical tasks without human intervention. It proposes a multi‑agent framework that combines planning, tool calling, observation, and verification, and tests it on agricultural tasks under varying weather conditions. Results show that zero‑shot LLM agents match reinforcement learning (RL) agents in the same environment and outperform RL when the environment shifts, suggesting a viable path for self‑adaptive physical AI.

By Varun Kaushik, Yayun Tan, Xiaofan Yu
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 17

Human-In-The-Loop Machine Learning for Safe and Ethical Autonomous Vehicles: Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities

arXiv:2408. 12548v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Machine Learning (ML) has become central to Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), supporting perception, prediction, planning, control, and decision-making in dynamic environments.

By Yousef Emami, Mohammadhossein Homaei, Miguel Guti\'errez Gait\'an, Luis Almeida, Kai Li, Hui Huang, Zhu Han
arXiv AI
Aug 11

REMAC: Self-Reflective and Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Collaboration for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation

arXiv:2503. 22122v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in robotic planning, particularly for long-horizon tasks that require a holistic understanding of the environment for task decomposition.

By Puzhen Yuan, Angyuan Ma, Yunchao Yao, Huaxiu Yao, Masayoshi Tomizuka, Mingyu Ding
arXiv AI
Sep 7

From Language Models to World-Acting Systems: Progress and Limits of Agentic AI across Digital, Social, Virtual, and Physical Environments

The paper reviews how large language models have evolved into agents that can influence external environments through tool use, interface operation, delegation, state retention, virtual world inhabitation, and robotic control. It critiques the narrative of a single march toward autonomy, distinguishing model competence from system integration, persistence, and safe authority. The authors find that action-interface expansion is well documented, while robust completion, recovery, authorization, and independent verification remain less proven, and they propose a framework of justified delegation to guide future research.

By Linsen Zhu, Mengqing Cai
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 28

OmniBrain-0: A Unified Agentic Model for Embodied Intelligence

OmniBrain-0 is a lightweight, unified embodied agent that coordinates manipulation and navigation through a shared high‑level decision model. It integrates task understanding, planning, progress tracking, and feedback‑driven recovery, and is trained via embodied pretraining, domain‑specialized agent distillation, and multi‑teacher on‑policy distillation. The framework also introduces Rubric‑Guided Recursive Self‑Improvement, a data flywheel that refines rubrics and trajectories for continual domain‑expert updates, enabling efficient transfer and consolidation of embodied capabilities across multiple benchmarks and real‑world tasks.

By Xiaomi Embodied Intelligence Team, Yuechen Luo (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Chong He (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Fang Li (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Shaoqing Xu (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Jingkai Wang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Menglun Su (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Jiaxin Liu (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Shengyin Jiang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Zhiyi Lai (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Long Chen (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Longlong Wang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Liang Hu (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Haochen Liu (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Yuncheng Jiang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Hongwei Xie (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Jieming Cui (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Hanbing Li (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Junjie Huang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Zhixiang Duan (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Hexin Zhang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Weixiang Liang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Ying Gong (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Yuhan Wang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Yong Pan (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Pengna Li (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Kangyi Wu (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Ken Deng (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Kun Ma (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Fuxi Wen (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Zhi-xin Yang (University of Macau, Tsinghua University), Hangjun Ye (University of Macau, Tsinghua University)