arXiv AI

AI Morbidity and Mortality: A Framework for Clinical AI Failure Review

AI Morbidity and Mortality (AI M&M) is a structured, blameless framework designed to review clinical AI failures. It combines standardized case intake, evidence preservation, investigator reconstruction, tool‑in‑loop attribution, and corrective‑action tracking, classifying each event across four linked dimensions: Trigger, Mechanism, Clinical Pathway, and Corrective Action. The authors demonstrate the framework with five outpatient medication and clinical decision‑support cases, achieving full agreement among reviewers on all classification axes.

arXiv AI
Jul 10

A safety-oriented hypothetico-deductive framework for AI-assisted differential diagnosis

arXiv:2607. 08038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diagnostic error is a major threat to patient safety, yet current large language model (LLM) systems often treat diagnosis as a one-shot prediction task, lacking safeguards against missed high-risk alternatives or rigorous verification of their reasoning.

By Fan Ma, Mauro Giuffr\`e, Donald Wright, Kent McCann, Mark Iscoe, Lingfei Qian, Mingyang Jiang, Chi Wing Ng, Na Hong, Huan He, Cathy Shyr, Qingyu Chen, Lee Schwamm, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Hua Xu
arXiv AI
Jul 15

First, do NOHARM: a medical safety benchmark and randomized study of physician and AI teaming on clinical consultations

arXiv:2512. 01241v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) and medical AI tools are routinely used by physicians and patients for medical advice, yet their clinical safety profiles remain poorly characterized.

By David Wu, Fateme Nateghi Haredasht, Saloni Kumar Maharaj, Priyank Jain, Jessica Tran, Matthew Gwiazdon, Arjun Rustagi, Jenelle Jindal, Jacob M. Koshy, Vinay Kadiyala, Anup Agarwal, Bassman Tappuni, Brianna French, Sirus Jesudasen, Christopher V. Cosgriff, Rebanta Chakraborty, Jillian Caldwell, Susan Ziolkowski, David J. Iberri, Robert Diep, Rahul S. Dalal, Kira L. Newman, Kristin Galetta, J. Carl Pallais, Nancy Wei, Kathleen M. Buchheit, David I. Hong, Vartan Pahalyants, Ernest Y. Lee, Allen Shih, Tamara B. Kaplan, Vishnu Ravi, Sarita Khemani, Thomas A. Buckley, April S. Liang, Daniel Shirvani, Advait Patil, Nicholas Marshall, Kanav Chopra, Joel Koh, Adi Badhwar, Anastasia Perez, Austin J. Schoeffler, Mahbuba Tusty, Chase M. Walton, Liam G. McCoy, David J. H. Wu, Yingjie Weng, Sumant Ranji, Kevin Schulman, Nigam H. Shah, Jason Hom, Arnold Milstein, Arjun K. Manrai, Adam Rodman, Jonathan H. Chen, Ethan Goh
arXiv AI
Jul 29

PatientAgentBench: A Benchmark Framework for Evaluating Patient-Facing Health AI Agents

arXiv:2607. 25485v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Health AI is evolving from answering questions to agentic systems that converse with patients, reason about health records, and act on their behalf.

By Korosh Vatanparvar, Ashutosh Joshi, Maria Xenochristou, Mohammad Abuzar Hashemi, Prasad Kasu, Deepak Bansal, Daniel Lopez-Martinez, Anchal Nema, Ramya Ganesan, Will Kimbrough, Alex Woody, Yadunandana Rao, Dilek Hakkani-Tur, Wilko Schulz-Mahlendorf
arXiv AI
Jun 24

A global log for medical AI

arXiv:2510. 04033v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern computer systems rely on syslog, a universal protocol that records critical events across heterogeneous infrastructure.

By Ayush Noori, Aaron E. Boussina, Hai Ho Bich, James Anibal, Julia Maslinski, Manuel Burger, Martin Faltys, Adam Rodman, Alan Karthikesalingam, Alessandro Blasimme, Annelia Itwaru, Ben Kaplan, Bilal A. Mateen, Christopher A. Longhurst, Daniel Yang, Dave deBronkart, Effy Vayena, Fedor Sergeev, Gauden Galea, Ha Thi Hai Duong, Harold F. Wolf III, Jacob Waxman, Joerg C. Schefold, Joshua C. Mandel, Juliana Rotich, Kenneth D. Mandl, Lily Poursoltan, Maryam Mustafa, Melissa Miles, Nigam H. Shah, Noa Dagan, Pavan Bodanki, Peter Lee, Philipp Koralus, Prathamesh Parchure, Prem Timsina, Ran D. Balicer, Robert Korom, Scott Mahoney, Seth Hain, Tien Yin Wong, Trevor Mundel, Vivek Natarajan, Ankit Sakhuja, Benjamin Glicksberg, C. Louise Thwaites, Gunnar R\"atsch, Karandeep Singh, David A. Clifton, Isaac S. Kohane, Marinka Zitnik
arXiv AI
Aug 18

ETHOS: Towards a Modular Ethics Framework for Clinical Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv:2608. 15424v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid adoption of large language models has enabled the development of clinical multi-agent systems (MAS) capable of integrating multimodal patient data and supporting increasingly complex clinical decision-making.

By Rakesh Sharma, Sydney Pugh, Cameron Beeche, Pankhuri Singhal, Rachel Wu, Margaret Eby, Jeffrey Duda, James Gee, Kyra O'Brien, Hersh Sagreiya, Marina Serper, Victoria Gershuni, Angela Bradbury, Anurag Verma, Eric Eaton, Kevin B. Johnson, Walter Witschey
arXiv AI
Aug 20

Improving Rural Medication Safety with AI: A Scoping Review

The scoping review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is applied across all stages of medication management in rural healthcare settings, from prescribing to post-administration monitoring. It identifies four main themes: the types of AI used, the medication phases impacted, the effectiveness in reducing errors, and rural-specific challenges such as infrastructure and alert fatigue. Studies show machine‑learning surveillance can cut prescribing and transcription errors by 34% to 80%, yet barriers like governance gaps, funding limits, and clinician resistance remain.

By Jeong-ah Kim, Muhammad Ashad Kabir, Daniel Terry, Maryam Rouhi
arXiv AI
Jun 30

An AI agent for treatment reasoning over a biomedical tool universe

arXiv:2606. 28692v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Treatment reasoning underpins every therapeutic decision, integrating disease context, comorbidities, medications, contraindications, and evolving biomedical knowledge to select an appropriate therapy.

By Shanghua Gao, Ayush Noori, Richard Zhu, Curtis Ginder, Zhenglun Kong, Xiaorui Su, Justin Kauffman, Benjamin S. Glicksberg, Joshua Lampert, Ankit Sakhuja, Ashwin Sawant, ATHENA-R1 Evaluation Consortium, David A. Clifton, Noa Dagan, Ran Balicer, Marinka Zitnik
arXiv AI
Jul 15

Evidence-Grounded AI for Musculoskeletal Care

arXiv:2607. 12527v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Musculoskeletal diseases are among the leading causes of disability worldwide and create the greatest global need for rehabilitation.

By Wenjie Li, Yujie Zhang, Fanrui Zhang, Haoran Sun, Renhao Yang, Junjun He, Weiran Huang, Yuanfeng Ji, Chenrun Wang, Kailing Wang, Hongcheng Gao, Kaipeng Zhang, Hanyu Wang, Angela Lin Wang, Xingqi He, Yilin Huang, Shiyi Yao, Lilong Wang, Yankai Jiang, Yirong Chen, Chenglong Ma, Jiyao Liu, Ming Hu, Gen Li, Yidong Xu, Chengyu Zhuang, Jiawei Liu, Yin Zhang, Lequan Yu, Lu Chen, Yinpeng Dong, Lei Liu, Carlos Gutierrez Sanroman, Yu Qiao, Weijie Ma, Xiaosong Wang, Lei Wang
arXiv AI
Jun 17

First, do NOHARM: towards clinically safe large language models

arXiv:2512. 01241v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are routinely used by physicians and patients for medical advice, yet their clinical safety profiles remain poorly characterized.

By David Wu, Fateme Nateghi Haredasht, Saloni Kumar Maharaj, Priyank Jain, Jessica Tran, Matthew Gwiazdon, Arjun Rustagi, Jenelle Jindal, Jacob M. Koshy, Vinay Kadiyala, Anup Agarwal, Bassman Tappuni, Brianna French, Sirus Jesudasen, Christopher V. Cosgriff, Rebanta Chakraborty, Jillian Caldwell, Susan Ziolkowski, David J. Iberri, Robert Diep, Rahul S. Dalal, Kira L. Newman, Kristin Galetta, J. Carl Pallais, Nancy Wei, Kathleen M. Buchheit, David I. Hong, Vartan Pahalyants, Ernest Y. Lee, Allen Shih, Tamara B. Kaplan, Vishnu Ravi, Sarita Khemani, Thomas A. Buckley, April S. Liang, Daniel Shirvani, Advait Patil, Nicholas Marshall, Kanav Chopra, Joel Koh, Adi Badhwar, Anastasia Perez, Austin J. Schoeffler, Mahbuba Tusty, Chase M. Walton, Liam G. McCoy, David J. H. Wu, Yingjie Weng, Sumant Ranji, Kevin Schulman, Nigam H. Shah, Jason Hom, Arnold Milstein, Arjun K. Manrai, Adam Rodman, Jonathan H. Chen, Ethan Goh
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 7

Clinician input steers AI toward accurate and harmful recommendations

arXiv:2603. 14158v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are entering clinical workflows, yet evaluations rarely assess how clinician reasoning shapes model behavior during clinical interactions.

By Ivan Lopez, Selin S. Everett, Bryan J. Bunning, April S. Liang, Dong Han Yao, Shivam C. Vedak, Kameron C. Black, Sophie Ostmeier, Stephen P. Ma, Emily Alsentzer, Jonathan H. Chen, Akshay S. Chaudhari, Eric Horvitz