arXiv AI

LLM Judges Have Dark Current: Stratified Null and Utility Tests for LLM Judge Reliability

arXiv AI
Aug 28

AgentJudgeBench: A Multi-Difficulty Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Judges on Agentic Tool-Calling

AgentJudgeBench is a new benchmark that evaluates the reliability of large language model (LLM) judges on agentic tool‑calling tasks involving workflow directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). It contains 3,808 instances across six DAG topologies and three difficulty tiers, tested with five generators (3B–70B open‑weight models and GPT‑5.4) and six judges (20B to frontier scale) under both paired‑with‑and‑without‑ground‑truth conditions. The study finds that judge alignment degrades with task difficulty, ground‑truth exposure can sometimes hurt alignment, and structured evaluation rubrics provide modest improvements, revealing a structural ceiling that model capacity alone cannot surpass.

By Abhigya Verma, Amit Kumar Saha, Seganrasan Subramanian, Sai Harshitha Aluru
arXiv AI
Oct 1

Hard-Gate Candidacy in a Deployed Validator Suite

The paper evaluates hard‑gate candidacy for validators in a deployed generative‑agent system by measuring how well each validator’s firing separates successful from failed builds. Across 13 validators and thousands of builds, only a few checks show statistically significant separation, while many fail to distinguish or never fire. The study highlights that skipped checks are recorded as passes, limiting detectable failure rates and underscoring the need for clearer evaluation records.

By Xin Xu
arXiv AI
Oct 16

Stronger Judges Do Not See More: Deployment-Integrity Blindness in LLM Evaluation

The paper introduces DIB-Bench, a benchmark that exposes deployment‑integrity blindness in large language model (LLM) evaluation by testing 7,560 scored examples across six tamper types and a range of evaluators from regex scorers to GPT‑5‑nano. It shows that stronger evaluators are more likely to accept tampered outputs—mean acceptance rises from 88.6% for rule‑based scorers to 94.1% for GPT‑5‑nano—and that certain trigger‑conditional tampering can produce harmful outputs in 48–100% of cases, increasing with model capability. The study also demonstrates that output‑only evaluation cannot detect tampering with zero output shift, while a manifest‑hash identity channel can detect it with zero samples, and proposes a graded deployment‑identity descriptor for evaluation reports.

By Jianchang Su, Dawei Xiang, Yifan Zhang, Wei Zhang
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 3

VERITYGATE: A Four-Gate Schema-Level Faithfulness Framework and Paired Benchmark for Grounded LLM Narrations over Structured Evidence

VERITYGATE is a four‑gate framework that checks whether LLM‑generated narrations adhere to a fixed schema of declared evidence IDs, entities, numbers, and claim types, rather than verifying every fact in the prose. In experiments with GPT‑4o‑mini, Llama‑3.3‑70B, and Claude Sonnet 4.6 on 900 grounded‑ungrounded pairs, the framework identified high failure rates (up to 80.3% for mini claims) and demonstrated that a single repair pass can improve claim survival rates. The authors also provide code, data, and preliminary human studies to validate the rules and highlight gaps between schema compliance and correct prose. "whyItMatters":"The framework offers a systematic way to evaluate and improve the faithfulness of LLM explanations to structured evidence, revealing significant failure rates and the impact of repair strategies."

By Sachin Gupta
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 28

Auditing and Repairing LLM-as-Judge Failures in a Production Text-to-SQL Pipeline

The paper evaluates a production text‑to‑SQL pipeline that uses an LLM as a judge, finding that the deployed gpt‑4o‑mini judge agrees with human annotators only weakly (Cohen’s kappa 0.04 on a disagreement‑enriched set and 0.42 on a random spot‑check). The authors identify a specific failure mode, GRADE‑HALLUCINATION, responsible for most over‑flags, and demonstrate that a self‑hosted Qwen3.6‑27B model achieves substantially higher agreement (kappa 0.72) at a much lower cost. They also show that ensembling judges does not improve performance, and that their audit method flags a significant portion of out‑of‑domain SQLs as potential issues.

By Haowei Liu, Hsin-Tai Wu, Yi Fang
arXiv AI
Sep 7

SiLR: Structure-Preserving Admission and Process Reward for LLM Tool Agents

SiLR introduces a structure‑preserving admission and process reward mechanism for large language model (LLM) tool agents. Unlike traditional scalar‑score gates that can trap agents in plateau trajectories, SiLR shadow‑executes each proposal and admits it based on a product order over branch‑level violation states, ensuring safe and recoverable actions. Experiments on Gym‑ANM and CityLearn benchmarks show SiLR consistently recovers all multi‑action episodes and outperforms scalar gates, while also providing a robust reward signal for policy learning.

By Chenyu Zhou, Qiliang Jiang, Shuning Wu, Xu Zhou