Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are well-regarded for their biological plausibility and energy efficiency in processing sequential data. However, dominant SNN architectures typically rely on first-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to govern neuronal state transitions.
arXiv:2605.30361v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer compelling energy efficiency on neuromorphic hardware, yet their training remains challenging because th...
The paper presents a spiking neural network (SNN) approach that uses time-to-first-spike (TTFS) coding to limit each neuron to at most one spike per time window, enabling energy-efficient large language models (LLMs). A reference-based strategy is introduced to encode the four core LLM components—embedding layers, layer normalization, attention-related operations, and dropout—allowing the construction of a fully TTFS-based SNN architecture trained end-to-end. Experiments on BERT and GPT-2 show performance comparable to artificial neural network (ANN) counterparts on natural language understanding and common-sense reasoning, while achieving a 1.5‑billion‑parameter spiking LLM and providing an estimate of spike-related energy consumption.
arXiv:2608. 08479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising pathway to energy-efficient AI and brain-inspired computing.
arXiv:2609.36314v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: State Space Models (SSMs) compress sequence history into a bounded recurrent state, making the resulting memory law a central architectural choice for...
arXiv:2606. 13016v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising for energy-efficient inference, and time-to-first-spike (TTFS) coding is especially attractive because each neuron fires at most once.
arXiv:2607. 14672v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous-time spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide an event-driven framework for temporal computation, computational neuroscience, and neuromorphic hardware.
arXiv:2512. 01906v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired, event-driven models suited for temporal data processing and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing.
arXiv:2604. 08894v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer superior energy efficiency over Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs).
arXiv:2606. 24969v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While the quadratic sequence-length bottleneck of transformers has fueled a resurgence in recurrent models, effectively capturing complex dynamics requires architectures that balance efficient training with highly expressive latent states.
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promoted as an energy-efficient substrate because sparse, event-driven activity replaces dense multiply-accumulates with cheap accumulates. We argue the energy dividend of sparsity is not a property of SNNs but of the task.
arXiv:2609.13899v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The BabyLM challenge measures how much language a model can learn from developmentally-plausible, child-scale data rather than internet-scale corpora...
The paper introduces SpiKFAX, a second‑order optimization technique for Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that uses a Kronecker‑factored approximation of the Fisher information matrix tailored to the sparse, discrete, and temporally recurrent dynamics of SNNs. By addressing the sharp loss landscape that hampers training with conventional optimizers, SpiKFAX improves test accuracy and training stability across five architectures and seven datasets. The method offers a computationally tractable alternative to existing curvature‑based approaches for SNNs.