The paper introduces the first watermark designed specifically for diffusion language models (DLMs), which generate tokens in arbitrary order unlike traditional autoregressive models. It overcomes the challenge of missing prior tokens by applying the watermark in expectation over the context and promoting tokens that strengthen the watermark when used as context. Experiments show a >99% true positive rate with minimal quality loss and comparable robustness to existing autoregressive watermarks.
By Thibaud Gloaguen, Robin Staab, Nikola Jovanovi\'c, Martin Vechev
arXiv:2506.22343v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are an increasingly important tool for detecting synthetic text and distinguishing human-writ...
By Xiang Li, Garrett Wen, Weiqing He, Jiayuan Wu, Qi Long, Weijie J. Su
arXiv:2607. 00224v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Watermarking promises a statistical trace of large language model (LLM) use, but real documents, after editing or paraphrasing, rarely arrive as purely human-written or purely machine-generated.
By Shuwen Chai, Qiaosen Wang
arXiv:2606. 18430v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Statistical watermarks help organizations attribute large language model (LLM) outputs, yet existing detectors often struggle when watermark signals are weak, texts are repetitive, or watermarks are edited.
By Chih-Duo Hong, Yen-Pang Chen, Fang Yu
arXiv:2609.37310v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: With LLM watermarking being deployed commercially and now required by regulations, improving its reliability and effectiveness has become crucial. Ye...
By Thibaud Gloaguen, Robin Staab, Martin Vechev
CORE-BREW is a new multi‑bit watermarking method for large language models that uses log‑likelihood ratios for soft‑decision decoding, targeting a fixed hit rate to calibrate the watermark channel. It introduces entropy‑aware erasures to reduce perturbations in low‑entropy contexts and combines likelihood‑based scoring with soft‑decision list decoding to better exploit token‑level reliability. Experiments on open‑source LLMs show that CORE‑BREW improves detection robustness and payload recovery compared to the BREW baseline while keeping false‑positive rates low and maintaining translation quality metrics close to unwatermarked text.
By Joeun Kim, HoEun Kim, Young-Sik Kim
arXiv:2608. 19727v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Watermarking is a central tool for provenance in generative models, yet its application to multivariate time series remains hindered by reliability failures under post-editing attacks.
By Dongbin Kim, Geonwoo Shin, Yujin Choi, Soyeon Park, Jaewook Lee
The paper introduces a new multi-draft speculative sampling algorithm that uses Poisson processes to improve inference efficiency and output provenance for large language models. It achieves strong sampling efficiency while allowing an unbiased watermark to be embedded without reducing speculative acceptance. The method relies on an exact list‑coupling‑without‑communication scheme, giving a drafter‑invariant property that benefits both sampling and watermarking, and the authors experimentally confirm its effectiveness.
By Yanxiao Liu, Sicheng Wan, Zhan Gao, Deniz G\"und\"uz
arXiv:2608.27899v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: With the growing prevalence of large language model (LLM) generated content, watermarking is considered a promising approach for attributing text to...
By Miroojin Bakshi, Saksham Rastogi, Danish Pruthi
arXiv:2608. 14906v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Watermarking provides a principled way to authenticate text generated by large language models (LLMs).
By Jose H. Blanchet, T. Tony Cai, Xiang Li, Hao Liu, Qi Long, Weijie J. Su
arXiv:2504. 05871v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The increasing deployment of intelligent agents in digital ecosystems, such as social media platforms, has raised significant concerns about traceability and accountability, particularly in cybersecurity and digital content protection.
By Kaibo Huang, Zipei Zhang, Zhongliang Yang, Linna Zhou
arXiv:2609.38722v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: LLM watermarking has become an effective approach to distinguishing AI-generated text from human-written text by embedding detectable patterns during...
By Zewei Deng, Muhammad Siddeek, Liyan Xie, Mohamed Seif, Mengdi Wang, H. Vincent Poor, Andrea Goldsmith