arXiv:2307.15494v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) enhances sample efficiency in goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) by relabelling failed trajectori...
arXiv:2607. 20668v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: TextGrad improves language-model systems by revising text from feedback.
The paper investigates how human observers interpret the learning processes of reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Using a novel observation-based paradigm, the authors conducted two experiments: an exploratory interview study with nine participants that identified four core themes—Agent Goals, Knowledge, Decision Making, and Learning Mechanisms—and a confirmatory study with 34 participants that applied the paradigm across navigation and manipulation tasks and two RL algorithms. Analyses of 816 responses validated the paradigm’s reliability and refined the thematic framework, showing how these themes evolve over time and interrelate.
arXiv:2606. 27136v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For LLM agents in multi-step interactive environments, a key challenge is to make effective use of accumulated interaction experience.
arXiv:2606. 17680v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents.
The paper introduces the Agentic Compositional Generalization hypothesis, suggesting that reinforcement learning (RL) primarily refines high‑level decision‑making behaviors that orchestrate pre‑trained low‑level skills, rather than teaching new domain‑specific skills from scratch. It proposes River, a training recipe that enhances reward quality by filtering low‑quality synthetic environments and adding process‑level behavior regularization. Using River, RL‑trained agents outperform other open‑source 8B models on four terminal‑agent benchmarks, achieving significant gains with fewer than 30% of the training environments.
The paper "Demystifying Reinforcement Learning Post-Training of Language Models" investigates how reinforcement learning (RL) post‑training enhances large language models (LLMs) for tasks such as reasoning, math, and coding. By isolating RL components in a controlled setting, the authors analyze how the base model’s prior distribution, reward granularity, prompt diversity, and model scale influence outcomes, using policy entropy to compare pre‑training, supervised fine‑tuning (SFT), and RL stages. The study clarifies the role of spurious rewards, the importance of the base model’s probability mass on desired behaviors, and how these factors interact to determine post‑training success, offering a practical primer for NLP researchers. "whyItMatters":"The work provides a clearer understanding of RL post‑training mechanics, helping researchers and practitioners effectively apply RL to improve LLM capabilities."
arXiv:2609.00474v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs are increasingly deployed as orchestrators that coordinate specialized subagents to solve complex tasks through natural language. However, in ma...
arXiv:2607. 26784v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents often encounter related yet distinct tasks that share reusable solution patterns.
arXiv:2606. 01672v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning has enabled the acquisition of impressive robotic skills, but typically requires hand-crafted reward functions that are slow to design and difficult to align with human intentions.
Rep2Skill introduces a representation-guided framework that enables large language model agents to self-evolve their textual skills by analyzing internal representation trajectories from agent rollouts. The method identifies execution turns that deviate from successful dynamics and uses these signals, together with execution contexts, as actionable feedback for targeted skill revision. Experiments with two open-source LLMs across two agent environments demonstrate that Rep2Skill consistently outperforms purely text-based approaches, showing that incorporating internal representations can enhance agent self-improvement.
arXiv:2606. 29824v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel as static solvers, transforming them into autonomous agents remains challenging.