arXiv:2605. 23348v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI power demand is growing at an unprecedented rate while power grids are often ailing and struggle to keep up.
arXiv:2608. 12915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth of LLM inference is shifting sustainability concerns from one-time training to continuous serving, where infrastructure decisions shape energy use, carbon emissions, water consumption, and service quality.
The paper introduces the Power Flexibility Index (PFI) to measure how large language model (LLM) training performance changes when GPU power is reduced. Using 131 training runs on H200 and H100 GPUs, the study finds that LLM jobs have significant but variable power elasticity and identifies telemetry signals that can predict PFI during runtime. The authors demonstrate that allocating power based on PFI maximizes overall token throughput, recovering about 1.5k tokens/s per job under a 30% power reduction, which represents 63% of the gap between equal-weight and perfect-information allocations.
The paper presents a carbon‑aware routing framework for function‑calling in large language models that distributes queries across a three‑tier edge‑cloud architecture. A lightweight k‑NN predictor estimates accuracy, delay, and power for each edge tier, and real‑time grid carbon intensity is used to route queries to the lowest‑emission tier that can execute them. Experiments on state‑of‑the‑art benchmarks show the framework matches cloud‑level accuracy while cutting operational carbon emissions by an average of four times.
arXiv:2606. 14707v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI training and deployment consume substantial electricity, but carbon outcomes remain weakly integrated into routine model development decisions.
arXiv:2511. 07885v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) queries are predominantly processed by frontier models in centralized cloud infrastructure.
arXiv:2607. 26710v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid growth of AI workloads is turning data centers into large-scale, volatile, yet spatiotemporally flexible grid loads, creating an urgent need for coordinated electricity-computing scheduling.
The rapid growth of AI workloads is turning data centers into large-scale, volatile, yet spatiotemporally flexible grid loads, creating an urgent need for coordinated electricity-computing scheduling. Under stringent grid constraints, schedules from general-purpose large language models (LLMs) are often infeasible, causing line-flow violations and unserved load.
The paper investigates the environmental impact of running large language models (LLMs) on mobile devices. It evaluates 18 different LLM configurations on two smartphones and a server, measuring energy per token, latency, accuracy, and battery-cycle consumption. Findings reveal that on-device inference is about three times less energy‑efficient than batched server inference, that energy consumption varies non‑monotonically with quantization bit‑width, and that most models are not on the Pareto front of accuracy and energy efficiency. The study concludes that local AI is not inherently more sustainable than cloud inference, with the majority of environmental impact stemming from device embodied carbon.
arXiv:2609.23085v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) and agentic AI systems are creating rapidly growing inference energy demands as model sizes grow and reasoning trajector...
arXiv:2608. 04458v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic AI is emerging in datacenters, but its architectural implications remain unexplored.
arXiv:2509. 20241v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As AI inference scales to billions of queries, estimates of per-query energy use are increasingly important for capacity planning, efficiency interventions, and policy.
arXiv:2604. 07472v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Serving large language model (LLM) inference in cloud environments requires jointly optimizing model selection, GPU provisioning, parallelism configuration, and workload routing under latency, accuracy, memory, and budget constraints.