arXiv Machine Learning

Measured Joules, Learned Routes: Learning to Route for Energy-Efficient LLM Serving

arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 27

Ban&Pick: Enhancing Performance and Efficiency of MoE-LLMs via Smarter Routing

The paper introduces Ban&Pick, a post‑training, plug‑and‑play routing strategy for Sparse Mixture‑of‑Experts large language models. It identifies and reinforces a small group of highly influential experts while dynamically pruning redundant ones, leading to accuracy gains across math, code, and reasoning benchmarks. Experiments on DeepSeek and Qwen3 show notable performance improvements and a 1.25× inference speedup without retraining or architectural changes.

By Yuanteng Chen, Peisong Wang, Yuantian Shao, Nanxin Zeng, Chang Xu, Jian Cheng
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Carbon-Aware Routing for Function Calling in Edge-Cloud LLM Systems

The paper presents a carbon‑aware routing framework for function‑calling in large language models that distributes queries across a three‑tier edge‑cloud architecture. A lightweight k‑NN predictor estimates accuracy, delay, and power for each edge tier, and real‑time grid carbon intensity is used to route queries to the lowest‑emission tier that can execute them. Experiments on state‑of‑the‑art benchmarks show the framework matches cloud‑level accuracy while cutting operational carbon emissions by an average of four times.

By Aikaterini Maria Panteleaki, Varatheepan Paramanayakam, Spyros Tragoudas, Iraklis Anagnostopoulos
arXiv AI
Jul 7

Optimal-Agent-Selection: State-Aware Routing Framework for Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration

arXiv:2511. 02200v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The emergence of multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new frontiers in complex task-solving, enabling diverse agents to integrate unique expertise, collaborate flexibly, and address challenges unattainable for individual models.

By Jingbo Wang, Sendong Zhao, Haochun Wang, Yuzheng Fan, Ting Liu
arXiv AI
Jul 14

Agentic Routing: The Harness-Native Data Flywheel

arXiv:2607. 11399v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model agents are increasingly executed not by a single model call, but by an execution harness that manages observation, context, control, action, state, and verification.

By Xinchen Liu, Hang Zhou, Yingjie Zong, Yuchuan Tian, Liuyang Song, Shuo Zhang, Yulong Li, Wei He, Mengyu Zheng, Runke Liu, Siyang Cheng, Xiang Kuang, Hailin Hu, Kai Han, Yunhe Wang
arXiv AI
Sep 3

SCX Router: Streaming Zero-Shot Model Selection with a Decoder-KV Classifier and a Real-World Task Ontology

The paper introduces SCX Router, a lightweight GLiClass-based model selector that assigns suitability scores to inference-time language models without autoregressive generation. It uses a 0.6B-parameter Qwen3 decoder with a shallow bidirectional scorer, preserving a text-only key–value cache across sessions and predicting task attributes such as type, difficulty, and expected output length. The authors build a comprehensive task ontology with 23 families, 115 types, and 1,173 synthetic examples, generating 150,000 verifier-scored tasks to train the router, which outperforms baseline models on LiveBench subsets with a top‑1 score of 0.707 versus 0.696 for the strongest fixed model.

By Ihor Stepanov, Aleksandr Smechov, Mykhailo Shtopko, Dmytro Vodianytskyi, Oleksandr Lukashov
arXiv AI
Jun 29

Agent-as-a-Router: Agentic Model Routing for Coding Tasks

arXiv:2606. 22902v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Real-world users typically have access to multiple Large Language Models (LLMs) from different providers, and these LLMs often excel at distinct domains, yet none dominate all.

By Pengfei Zhou, Zhiwei Tang, Yixing Ma, Jiasheng Tang, Yizeng Han, Zhenglin Wan, Fanqing Meng, Wei Wang, Bohan Zhuang, Wangbo Zhao, Yang You