arXiv Computation and Language

Pretrained Persona Mixture Models and Tandem Models for Human Simulation

arXiv AI
Jun 18

How Well Do Large Language Models Capture Human Personality?

arXiv:2606. 18263v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human populations via persona prompting, often under the assumptions that richer persona descriptions improve behavioral fidelity, similarly sized attribute combinations are equally simulatable, and persona definitions generalize across tasks.

By Aanisha Bhattacharyya, Yaman Kumar Singla, Rajiv Ratn Shah, Changyou Chen, Jitendra Ajmera
arXiv AI
6d ago

Do Personality-Tuned LLMs Make Better Social Agents?

The paper examines whether fine‑tuning large language models (LLMs) with personality‑labelled data improves their ability to act as socially interactive agents. Two small open‑weight LLMs were fine‑tuned on a corpus of personality‑labelled social media posts and dialogues, and the resulting models were evaluated in various social interaction scenarios by independent LLM judges. The findings show that the fine‑tuned models do not outperform their baseline counterparts in role‑playing personalities, though they offer comparable text quality and increased linguistic diversity for the Qwen models; low inter‑rater agreement limits confidence in the results, suggesting future work should focus on training data quality and domain alignment.

By Tim Krabbe, Xiaodan Shi
arXiv AI
Aug 5

Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation

arXiv:2608. 03044v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used to simulate human opinions, but prior work reports conflicting results: some studies find promising alignment with human survey data, while others find persona collapse and weak demographic sensitivity.

By Seth Grief-Albert, Jessica Bo, Difan Jiao, Ashton Anderson
arXiv AI
Aug 14

Synthetic Persona Pretraining: Alignment from Token Zero

arXiv:2608. 13482v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As language-model-based AI is increasingly deployed in autonomous settings, aligning its goals and values with those of humans becomes critical.

By Julian Minder, Viktor Moskvoretskii, Raghav Singhal, Difan Jiao, Andy Arditi, Shaobo Cui, Yiderigun Borjigin, Kartik Bali, Stefan Krsteski, Harsh Raj, Huu Nguyen, Jannik Brinkmann, Ashton Anderson, Roland Aydin, Robert West
arXiv AI
Sep 10

Human or Machine? A Preliminary Turing Test for Speech-to-Speech Interaction

The paper reports the first Turing test for speech‑to‑speech systems, gathering 2,968 human judgments on conversations between nine state‑of‑the‑art S2S systems and 28 humans. None of the evaluated systems passed the test, highlighting a clear gap in human‑likeness. The authors diagnose the failure with an 18‑dimension taxonomy, finding that paralinguistic cues, emotional expressivity, and conversational persona—not semantic understanding—are the main bottlenecks, and they propose an interpretable model for automatic human‑vs‑machine discrimination.

By Xiang Li, Jiabao Gao, Sipei Lin, Xuan Zhou, Chi Zhang, Bo Cheng, Jiale Han, Benyou Wang
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 1

DuplexGen: Adaptive Synthesis of Human-AI Turn-Taking Dialogues

arXiv:2607.26178v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Turn-taking is a central component of full-duplex interaction. Which turn-taking behaviors are appropriate varies with the scenario, yet current mo...

By Takyoung Kim, Kang-wook Kim, Sang Hoon Woo, Julia Hirschberg, Gunhee Kim, Dilek Hakkani-T\"ur