The paper introduces VPRef, the first cross‑domain benchmark for Referring Remote Sensing Image Segmentation, containing 46,972 language‑image‑annotation triplets with a three‑tier linguistic hierarchy. It proposes a parameter‑efficient adaptation method based on the Segment Anything Model and Low‑Rank Adaptation, using pseudo‑label self‑training for visual drift and random multi‑granularity prompt mixing for textual drift. Experiments show the approach improves cross‑domain segmentation while altering only 1.08 % of the base model’s parameters, offering a strong baseline for future research.
By Quanwei Liu, Tao Huang, Jiaqi Yang, Wei Xiang
Open-vocabulary remote sensing segmentation has recently emerged as a promising paradigm that enables pixel-level recognition of arbitrary categories specified by natural language, including classes unseen during training. However, geospatial domain shifts caused by heterogeneous regions, spatial resolutions, and acquisition platforms weaken visual-text matching and limit cross-dataset generalization.
The paper introduces OVRSISBench, a unified benchmark for open‑vocabulary remote sensing image segmentation, and evaluates existing OVS/OVRSIS models, uncovering their shortcomings in remote sensing contexts. Leveraging insights from this evaluation, the authors propose RSKT‑Seg, a new framework featuring a Multi‑Directional Cost Map Aggregation module, an Efficient Cost Map Fusion transformer, and a Remote Sensing Knowledge Transfer module. Experiments on the benchmark demonstrate that RSKT‑Seg outperforms strong baselines by +3.8 mIoU and +5.9 mACC while achieving twice the inference speed.
By Bingyu Li, Haocheng Dong, Da Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhao, Junyu Gao, Xuelong Li
arXiv:2603. 11804v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) adapted to remote sensing rely heavily on domain-specific image-text supervision, yet high-quality annotations for satellite and aerial imagery remain scarce and expensive to produce.
By Stefan Maria Ailuro (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Mario Markov (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Mohammad Mahdi (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Delyan Boychev (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Luc Van Gool (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Danda Pani Paudel (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski")
arXiv:2606. 10819v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: RS-MLLMs enable natural-language understanding and spatial reasoning over earth observation imagery.
By Miaoxin Cai, Guanqun Wang, Wei Zhang, Guangyao Zhou, Yin Zhuang, Tong Zhang, Hao Wang, He Chen, Jun Li
arXiv:2607. 02269v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated immense promise in Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding (STVG).
By Rintaro Otsubo, Ryo Fujii, Reina Ishikawa, Taiki Kanaya, Kanta Sawafuji, Hiroki Kajita, Shigeki Sakai, Hideo Saito, Ryo Hachiuma
arXiv:2607. 15942v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Remote sensing vision-language models are increasingly expected to support open-ended reasoning over Earth Observation data and a variety of tasks.
By Stefan Maria Ailuro (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Mario Markov (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Mohammad Mahdi (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Luc Van Gool (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"), Danda Pani Paudel (INSAIT, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski")
arXiv:2608. 18339v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot capabilities yet remain sensitive to real-world distribution shifts during inference.
By Qi Yu, Zhichen Zeng, Katherine Tieu, Xiyuan Yang, Ruizhong Qiu, Yuchen Yan, Lihui Liu, Yanjun Zhao, Lingjie Chen, Jingrui He, Hanghang Tong
arXiv:2605.17949v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Remote sensing vision-language models (RS-VLMs) commonly employ a pretrained vision encoder and a projection module to map image features into the...
By Xiao Yang, Ronghao Fu, Zhiwen Lin, Zhuoran Duan, Lang Sun, Jiaqi Liu, Jiashun Zhu, Jiasen Hu, Xu Na, Bo Yang
Intelligent systems that act in the world require image understanding that is both comprehensive and spatially grounded. Current vision-language models (VLMs) can generate fluent and detailed image ca...
arXiv:2606. 13896v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-supervised geospatial foundation models (GeoFMs) learn transferable representations from remote sensing data, but their downstream behavior is difficult to characterize.
By Julia Romero, Qin Lv, Morteza Karimzadeh
The paper introduces STAND, a method for remote sensing image change captioning that tackles ambiguities in viewpoint, scale, and prior knowledge. It employs a semantic anchoring constraint to regularize temporal representations, a dual‑granularity disambiguation module that uses global context and frequency‑refocused attention to resolve spatial uncertainties, and a semantic concept anchoring module that leverages language priors during decoding. Experiments demonstrate that STAND outperforms existing approaches and effectively addresses these ambiguities.
By Yanpei Gong, Beichen Zhang, Hao Wang, Xuhang Fu, Zhaobo Qi, Xinyan Liu, Yuanrong Xu, Weigang Zhang