The paper introduces a method for generating multilingual reasoning traces for medical question answering using large language models. It creates 500,000 reasoning traces in English, Italian, and Spanish by retrieving medical information from Wikipedia and applies them to MedQA and MedMCQA datasets extended into Italian and Spanish. The approach improves performance in both few‑shot in‑context learning and supervised fine‑tuning, achieving state‑of‑the‑art results for 8B‑parameter LLMs and releasing all resources for further research.
arXiv:2603. 03292v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit high reasoning capacity in medical question-answering, but their tendency to produce hallucinations and outdated knowledge poses critical risks in healthcare fields.
arXiv:2607. 19678v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI-generated answers in high-stakes domains are often fluent but difficult to verify, especially when they contain multi-step reasoning rather than a single final answer.
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning capabilities in general domains, yet their performance remains limited in specialized settings such as healthcare, especially in multilingual and low-resource scenarios. This gap is critical in regions like rural India, where patients often express complex medical queries in native Indic languages and rely on multimodal inputs such as medical images.
arXiv:2606. 13572v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning capabilities in general domains, yet their performance remains limited in specialized settings such as healthcare, especially in multilingual and low-resource scenarios.
arXiv:2607. 24838v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In medical multiple-choice question answering (MCQA), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can supplement the domain knowledge of language models (LMs).
Translation cascades for reasoning translate the query from another language to English, reason in English, and translate the answer back to the original language. This is a competitive approach to multilingual reasoning, but structurally lossy, since each stage discards information later stages may need, including cues for cultural grounding, register, and disambiguation.
arXiv:2505. 14107v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of groundbreaking large language models capable of performing complex reasoning tasks holds significant promise for addressing various scientific challenges, including those arising in complex clinical scenarios.
PetQA is a Korean long‑form question‑answering benchmark designed to assess veterinary knowledge and clinical reasoning in large language and vision‑language models. It comprises 10,076 text‑only and 8,751 multimodal QA pairs about dogs and cats, with expert veterinarian answers, and a test split called PetQA‑Bench that includes question type and clinical condition annotations. The study evaluates 18 models across zero‑shot, retrieval‑augmented generation, and supervised fine‑tuning settings using ROUGE, BERTScore, and LLM‑as‑a‑judge metrics, revealing current models’ strengths and limitations and underscoring the need for better adaptation methods for clinically reliable veterinary AI; translated versions in five languages are also provided.
MMTClinic is a new benchmark that tests large language models on complex reasoning and question‑answering tasks involving clinical time‑series data. It combines text, medical images, and multivariate physiological signals to create 30,000 QA pairs—including 15,000 multiple‑choice and 15,000 open‑ended questions—in five languages (English, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Tamil). The benchmark covers mortality prediction, heart‑rate forecasting, and SOFA score estimation, and evaluates 13 state‑of‑the‑art LLMs across zero‑shot, few‑shot, and chain‑of‑thought settings, revealing significant performance gaps across tasks, languages, and modalities.
arXiv:2511.00421v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) show promise in medical applications, but their ability to detect and correct errors in clinical texts remains u...
BioMol-MQA is a new question‑answering dataset focused on polypharmacy that combines a multimodal knowledge graph—containing both text and molecular structure—with challenging questions designed to test large language models’ ability to retrieve and reason over this diverse information. The dataset highlights the limitations of current retrieval‑augmented generation systems, which typically handle only single‑modality text, by demonstrating that existing LLMs perform poorly unless provided with the necessary multimodal background data. This underscores the need for more robust RAG frameworks capable of integrating multiple data types for accurate responses.
arXiv:2602. 17911v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Current biomedical question answering (QA) systems often assume that medical knowledge applies uniformly, yet real-world clinical reasoning is inherently conditional: nearly every decision depends on patient-specific factors such as comorbidities and contraindications.