CAST is a critique‑aware training framework that transforms sparse task outcomes into action‑level supervision for both critique learning and policy optimization. By analyzing agent trajectories, CAST synthesizes structured rationales that explain action validity under partial observability, enabling the creation of richer training data. Fine‑tuned Qwen3‑family models trained with CAST show significant reliability gains, outperforming GPT‑OSS‑120B by over 10% on Retail tasks and improving Telehealth performance by 9% in an out‑of‑domain setting.
arXiv:2610.07335v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Improving the reliability of large language model (LLM) agents in long-horizon decision-making remains a key challenge. When deployed as autonomous a...
arXiv:2610.19367v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for multi-turn agentic tasks that require interactions with users and environments over extended seq...
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for multi-turn agentic tasks that require interactions with users and environments over extended sequences of actions. A common approach to improving...
GRADUS introduces a method for training large language model agents in policy-constrained tool environments by decoupling task design from solutions. It treats a fixed environment as a latent syllabus, extracting guarded behavioral operators and composing them into progressively harder tasks while using corpus-level feedback to target missing outcome combinations. The approach jointly calibrates tasks and solutions against the environment, turning verification into a recovery signal that preserves difficult examples, leading to significant performance gains on benchmarks such as $ au^2$-Bench and CAR-Bench.
arXiv:2610.09858v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model agents tackle multi-step tasks by interleaving reasoning and tool calls with observations from the environment. Prior work has s...
arXiv:2601. 03555v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Training reliable tool-augmented agents remains a significant challenge, largely due to the difficulty of credit assignment in multi-step reasoning.
arXiv:2603. 14465v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions.
The paper introduces MENTOR, a multi‑agent framework that provides on‑policy pedagogical intervention to address zero‑reward collapse in reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards. MENTOR diagnoses failures in real time and generates targeted prompts to guide the learning agent, integrating seamlessly with existing policy optimization pipelines such as GRPO. Experiments on math and code generation tasks show that MENTOR significantly reduces collapse, achieving up to 78.3% relative gains on Llama‑3.2‑3B‑Instruct.
The Agent Error Dataset (AED) presents 50,228 error–diagnosis pairs collected from 9,961 source tasks across 33 environments, 19 harness families, and 23 policy models in text‑based agent systems. A five‑stage Agentic Error‑to‑Training (AET) pipeline generates diagnoses and proposed corrections, verifies them against recorded evidence, and creates separate training views for diagnosis and actor recovery. Experiments show that first‑proposal corrections improve verifier pass rates from 18.4% to 51.1%, and fine‑tuning with full‑diagnosis data raises Qwen3‑8B’s exact‑step agreement from 47.2% to 63.6% on a holdout set.
TextualRL is a gradient‑free reinforcement learning framework that updates the textual context guiding large language model agents without altering their parameters. It treats groups of rollouts from the same task as units of critique, contrasting successful and failed runs to generate context patches, and validates these patches using held‑out rewards. Experiments on six benchmarks show that TextualRL boosts test accuracy by 24.4 and 15.3 percentage points for GPT‑5.5 and Qwen3.8‑27B, respectively.
arXiv:2609.38334v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents for multi-step decision-making, yet transfer poorly to unseen environments. World-mode...
PROBE is an algorithm that trains language‑model auditors to probe deployed tool‑using agents for policy violations through realistic, multi‑turn, tool‑mediated dialogue. By framing auditing as a two‑player Markov game and using a composite reward that balances violation discovery, behavioral plausibility, conversation progress, and policy diversity, PROBE outperforms zero‑shot adversaries in uncovering broader and higher‑yield policy violations. The study compares GRPO, DPO, and GFlowNet optimizations, demonstrating that multi‑turn behavioral auditing is a distinct and necessary axis of agent evaluation, complementing existing capability and safety benchmarks.