The paper evaluates whether a 9‑billion parameter decision foundation model, Clef‑Flash, is necessary for symptom‑to‑disease classification. Fine‑tuning the model on the 24‑class Symptom2Disease benchmark yields 95.42% accuracy, but simple TF‑IDF linear classifiers achieve higher accuracy (98.75%) with far faster inference. Ablation studies show that predictions can hinge on single descriptive clauses, indicating that the benchmark may not fully capture the model’s capabilities.
arXiv:2610.15029v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated disease classification from patient-reported symptoms requires balancing the speed of lightweight discriminative models against the context...
arXiv:2608.03854v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantized large language models can run on consumer hardware, which motivates interest in on-premises processing of sensitive data. The reliability...
arXiv:2608. 03854v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When decoder language models are used as classifiers, predicted class probabilities depend on implementation choices, including the prompt template, verbalizer (label-to-token mapping), and scoring rule, that are rarely treated as experimental variables.
arXiv:2609.22767v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The IEEE BigData Cup benchmark combines three prediction problems with different output structures: ordinal suicide-risk classification, multi-label...
arXiv:2606. 19183v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can make clinical decision support more accessible by interpreting free-text documentation, but their direct use as diagnostic engines is limited by sensitivity to prompts, information order, and plausible but incorrect outputs.
The paper identifies a new problem in clinical natural language processing called the clinical lost‑in‑the‑middle (CLitM) effect, where large language models perform poorly on information located near the center of long electronic health record (EHR) documents. Using the MedAlign dataset, the authors quantify a 21.9‑percentage‑point accuracy gap across 2,196 instruction‑response pairs and six models, showing that most critical facts lie in the CLitM trough. They propose Query‑Conditioned Clinical Suppression (QCCS), a lightweight context‑selection gate that outperforms traditional retrieval methods (BM25, dense retrieval, cross‑encoder reranking) on a held‑out set of 83 instructions, achieving up to 25.3% accuracy for middle‑position queries. whyItMatters":"The study demonstrates that standard retrieval strategies fail to reliably surface central clinical information, and that a query‑aligned selection mechanism can substantially improve model performance on critical EHR data."
This study benchmarks transformer models for Bangla medical named entity recognition (NER), comparing BanglaBERT, multilingual BERT (mBERT), XLM‑RoBERTa, and GPT‑4o mini under zero‑shot and few‑shot prompting. Across a full test set of 3,179 samples, fine‑tuned XLM‑RoBERTa achieves a new state‑of‑the‑art F1‑score of 0.5959, while BanglaBERT lags with 0.4937, suggesting that domain diversity outweighs language specificity. The analysis shows high performance on Medicine and Specialist entities (F1 > 0.83) but lower accuracy on Symptoms (F1 0.4367), and demonstrates that fine‑tuned transformers outperform prompt‑only approaches by a factor of 3.76.
The paper introduces SBERT2S1, a method that transforms Sentence-Transformers encoders into typed decision models for biomedical text, and presents BIODECIDE, a suite for evaluating such models, along with MEDLINE‑S1, a large training set of 243k decisions derived from NLM indexing. Experiments show that retrieval‑trained encoders improve zero‑shot matching of content‑bearing options, and that a prior‑fused residual (PFR) head benefits most from retrieval pre‑training, while a cross‑head (C) head generally outperforms PFR across all objectives. The authors also release code, data, and a model, and discuss calibration and reward‑normalisation effects in their RLCD recipe.
arXiv:2509.19375v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used for clinical text classification, where overconfident misclassifications can directly affect pati...
arXiv:2608. 16643v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated detection of errors in clinical documentation is a promising application of large language models (LLMs), yet decisions to deploy such models rest on benchmarks that evaluate each clinical note in isolation.
arXiv:2609.40361v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are rapidly advancing clinical diagnosis, yet their adaptation pipelines remain anchored to accuracy-based o...
The study investigates why large language models (LLMs) show different triage performance when answering clinician‑authored vignettes in multiple‑choice versus free‑text formats. Using sparse‑autoencoder features on Gemma 3 and Qwen3 models, the authors find that medical information is encoded similarly in both formats, but at the decision token the multiple‑choice scaffold dominates, with over 91% of attribution coming from scaffold‑peaking features. The effect varies by model, and shuffling option order eliminates simple positional bias, suggesting the format influence is tied to answer selection rather than earlier case processing.