OpenAI Blog

Upgrading the Moderation API with our new multimodal moderation model

We’re introducing a new model built on GPT-4o that is more accurate at detecting harmful text and images, enabling developers to build more robust moderation systems.

OpenAI Blog
Aug 15, 2023

Using GPT-4 for content moderation

We use GPT-4 for content policy development and content moderation decisions, enabling more consistent labeling, a faster feedback loop for policy refinement, and less involvement from human moderators.

arXiv AI
Aug 25

Towards Safer Social Media Platforms: Scalable and Performant Few-Shot Harmful Content Moderation Using Large Language Models

The paper presents a scalable approach to harmful content moderation on social media by leveraging large language models (LLMs) for few-shot, in-context learning. Experiments across multiple LLMs show that this method outperforms proprietary baselines such as Perspective and OpenAI Moderation, as well as prior few-shot learning techniques, in detecting harmful content. The study also explores the addition of visual cues like video thumbnails to assess multimodal improvements, highlighting the advantages of LLM-based moderation for dynamic and large-scale content filtering.

By Akash Bonagiri, Lucen Li, Rajvardhan Oak, Zeerak Babar, Magdalena Wojcieszak, Anshuman Chhabra
arXiv AI
Jul 29

Harm is not Universal: Community-Specific Toxicity Detection is Urgently Needed

arXiv:2607. 24898v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: State-of-the-art toxicity detectors for text-to-image generation adopt a one-size-fits-all approach: a single universal model applying fixed safety guidelines to all users.

By Xinnuo Xu, Anja Thieme, Daniela Massiceti, Ioana Tanase, Rita Marques, Melanie Fernandez Pradier, Martin Grayson, Camilla Longden, Cecily Morrison
arXiv AI
Sep 12

Characterizing Bluesky Content Moderation Service: From Automation of Service to Landscape of Harms

The study audits Bluesky’s Moderation Service (BMS) using its 10.6 million public moderation labels from 2025. It finds that BMS operates as a human‑AI collaboration: sexual and graphic content is flagged automatically in seconds, while more nuanced or high‑stakes content requires human review that can take hours or days. The system shows high precision (0.837) but low recall (0.222), with annotators detecting 4.5 times more harmful content than the system, and clustering reveals harms ranging from hostility toward protected groups to the spread of explicit material.

By Pushpdeep Singh, Sayeh Jarollahi, Ayan Majumdar, Vabuk Pahari, Abhijnan Chakraborty, Krishna P. Gummadi, Ingmar Weber, Abhisek Dash
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 3

The Enforcement and Feasibility of Hate Speech Moderation

The study audits hate‑speech moderation on Twitter (now X) using 540,000 annotated tweets from a full day. Eighty percent of hateful tweets, including violent content, remained online after five months, and removal was only slightly more likely than for non‑hateful tweets, far below the rates for scams or adult content. Automated detection could not reliably classify hate but ranked it highly, allowing human triage; however, current staffing curbed little exposure, while substantial reductions were financially feasible and far below applicable regulatory fines.

By Manuel Tonneau, Dylan Thurgood, Diyi Liu, Niyati Malhotra, Victor Orozco-Olvera, Ralph Schroeder, Scott A. Hale, Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Paul R\"ottger, Samuel P. Fraiberger
arXiv AI
4d ago

Can Multimodal Large Language Models Generate and Detect Multimodal Social Media Fake News?

The paper investigates whether multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can generate and detect realistic multimodal fake news on social media. Using a multi‑agent framework—comprising a story agent, an image agent, and a critic agent—the authors produced over 9,000 paired multimodal news posts across science, health, and entertainment domains. They benchmarked 16 open‑ and closed‑source MLLMs for automated detection and found that most models fall far short of human accuracy, especially in identifying image authenticity, highlighting the need for stronger defenses against social media fake news.

By Jiyao Yang, Yang Liu, Zhenyue Qin, Qingyu Chen, Xiuzhen Zhang