The paper presents a tutoring platform that combines a generative AI chatbot with a reinforcement learning algorithm to adaptively sequence practice problems for students learning Python. In a five‑month field study across ten high schools, the adaptive sequencing improved unassisted final exam performance by 0.15 standard deviations, with mediation analysis indicating that higher engagement drove the gains. The study demonstrates that signals from student‑chatbot interactions can be leveraged to personalize and optimize learning at scale.
By Angel Tsai-Hsuan Chung, Botong Zhang, Ling-Chieh Kung, Hamsa Bastani, Osbert Bastani
PEARL is a framework that trains Socratic tutoring agents using pedagogically aligned reinforcement learning. It introduces a controllable student simulator to model diverse cognitive states, a reward model that jointly evaluates pedagogical quality and correctness, and a stable multi‑objective RL approach to balance competing tutoring goals. Experiments demonstrate that PEARL competes with both open‑source tutoring systems and leading proprietary LLMs.
By Qikai Chang, Zhenrong Zhang, Linbo Chen, Pengfei Hu, Jianshu Zhang, Youhui Guo, Jun Du
arXiv:2608. 11259v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many AI tutors leverage large language models (LLMs) today.
By Tushar Udeshi, Anna Khazenzon, Kabir Khan, Nick Breen, RJ Corwin, Chris DiGiano, Kodi Weatherholtz, Marek Zaluski
TutorTrace is a new dataset and behavioral abstraction pipeline that captures learners’ low‑level IDE telemetry to make their behavioral context visible and computable in real time. The dataset, collected across 480 students in two introductory Python courses, includes 180 K telemetry events, 13 633 behavioral segments, and 27 continuously computed metrics, and it underpins a taxonomy of learner activity before, between, and after AI queries. Preliminary classroom tests show that behavior‑aware prompts reduce the time between queries, and the system can predict upcoming queries with AUROC scores of .726 and .717 on two held‑out tasks.
By David Barron, Xiaohang Tang, Rezky Dwisantika, Minsun Kim, David H. Smith IV, Jiaming Cui, Yan Chen
OpenAI’s new report examines how students and educators are using ChatGPT to create a more continuous learning experience, extending support beyond traditional classroom settings. It highlights the role of AI in facilitating ongoing educational engagement and resource accessibility. The study showcases practical applications of AI tools in modern learning environments.
CoLearn is an interactive, agentic tutoring system that learns about each learner through a persistent memory of mastery and misconceptions, updated with a Bayesian Knowledge Tracing model that uses a large language model as an observation function. It generates personalized questions targeting the learner’s weakest topics and recurring misconceptions, and provides a live evidence view for progress visualization and blind A/B comparison. In blind A/B tests, learners preferred questions conditioned on this memory 68‑69% of the time, and simulations show the agent’s belief converges toward the learner’s true mastery.
By Kailai He, Zhihao Wu, Linhai Zhang, Runcong Zhao, Yulan He, Jiazheng Li
arXiv:2603.11321v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards improves reasoning in large language models, yet on-policy learning often suffers from cold-st...
By Yuning Wu, Ke Wang, Haoran Liu, Chaoqun Jia, Devin Chen, Kai Wei
arXiv:2608. 03206v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) power educational applications from tutoring to essay scoring, but each is a point solution to a single task, and only recently have these point solutions been integrated into agents operating over a learning management system (LMS).
By Unggi Lee, Sookbun Lee, Yeil Jeong, Eunjoo Lee, Minchul Shin, Hoilym Kwon
arXiv:2606. 04815v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Lifelong learning is essential for Large Language Model (LLM) agents operating in dynamic, interactive environments.
By Bo Mao, Jie Zhou, Yutao Yang, Xin Li, Xian Wei, Qin Chen, Xingjiao Wu, Liang He
arXiv:2607. 21306v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as tutors and thought partners, helping users reason through problems.
By Verona Teo, Raghav Jain, Tobias Gerstenberg, Max Kleiman-Weiner
arXiv:2609.05435v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Can language agents continually learn from experience, turning earlier interactions into reusable capabilities? AhaBench evaluates this ability thr...
By Zerui Cheng, Jiawei Xu, Huacan Chai, Jiayang Sun, Pramod Viswanath, Maxm Pan
arXiv:2609.28470v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Artificial intelligence offers an unprecedented opportunity to augment human capabilities, yet progress at the frontier has focused primarily on advanc...
By Curtis Northcutt, Inaara Hasmani, Kevin Feng, Trevor Khangi, Andreas Plesner, Jonas Mueller