OpenAI Blog

Expanding on how Voice Engine works and our safety research

Exploring the technology behind our text-to-speech model.

arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 7

Auditing Bias and Safety in Voice AI Customer Care

The paper introduces a validation‑gated audit framework for voice AI customer‑care systems, treating them as stateful, multi‑turn, tool‑mediated interactions where bias and safety can manifest as added burdens before a final decision. The framework distinguishes between native speech‑to‑speech, cascaded ASR‑to‑LM‑to‑TTS, and hybrid architectures, and applies matched service facts across controlled caller presentation conditions to validate fact invariance, presentation cues, artifacts, and acoustic measurements. It outlines seven validation gates, a six‑family metric set, and demonstrates the approach with a synthetic refund‑dispute audit example, while noting that production results are withheld until the protocol is satisfied.

By Vignesh Ethiraj, Ashwath David
arXiv AI
Aug 20

Safety Alignment Illusion: The Cross-Lingual Safety Gap in LLMs

The paper titled "Safety Alignment Illusion: The Cross-Lingual Safety Gap in LLMs" highlights that current safety alignment training for large language models is predominantly English-centric, leading to failures in non‑English languages. It introduces INCLUDE, a multilingual benchmark with 2,604 prompts in six languages (English, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, and Hinglish) to measure Indian‑centric socio‑cultural biases. Evaluation of ten open‑ and closed‑source LLMs shows that Bengali models exhibit the highest bias scores among open‑source models, while English shows the lowest bias in open‑source but the highest in closed‑source models.

By Namya Bhatnagar
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 18

Full-Duplex Speech Models Take the Floor When Asked, Not When Needed

Full‑duplex speech models can listen and speak simultaneously, but they struggle to decide when to speak. Experiments with five model families show that being addressed or encountering silence are reliable triggers, whereas cues like false facts or hazards are not. Even when models answer questions, they rarely challenge false claims or warn about danger, revealing a gap in content understanding and intervention decisions.

By Linkai Peng, Baorian Nuchged, Kaiqi Fu, Yuyang Yao