OpenAI Blog

Aligning language models to follow instructions

arXiv Computation and Language
Aug 28

Cross-Lingual Alignment Without Joint Training: Do Monolingual Language Models Converge on Universal Representations?

The study investigates whether monolingual language models, trained without joint multilingual objectives, develop cross-lingual alignment. By evaluating models such as Goldfish and independently built monolingual systems, the authors find that alignable representational geometry emerges across layers, strengthening with larger data, larger models, or closer linguistic proximity. A single Procrustes rotation on parallel sentences can map hidden states between models, and applying this rotation to a German model’s residuals swaps factual predictions to those of the donor English model, demonstrating functional transfer.

By Ej Zhou, Suchir Salhan, Catherine Arnett, Anna Korhonen
arXiv AI
Sep 25

Foundations of Large Language Models

Foundations of Large Language Models is a book that focuses on core concepts of large language models rather than exhaustive coverage of the latest technologies. It is organized into six chapters covering pre‑training, generative models, prompting, alignment, inference, and reasoning. The book targets college students, professionals, and practitioners in NLP and related fields, serving as a reference for anyone interested in large language models.

By Tong Xiao, Jingbo Zhu