Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 12

Reinforcement Learning-based Semi-supervised Knowledge Distillation with LLM-as-a-Judge

arXiv:2604. 02621v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) substantially improves the reasoning capabilities of language models, but most existing RL fine-tuning approaches rely entirely on ground-truth verifiable rewards and thus labeled datasets with verifiable answers.

By Yiyang Shen, Lifu Tu, Weiran Wang
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 12

SearchArt: Training Long-Horizon Search Agent with Scalable Synthetic and Verified Task

arXiv:2607. 24850v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled search agents to autonomously tackle complex tasks across extended search and reasoning horizons.

By Lang Mei, Xiaohan Yu, Chong Chen, Liyan Liu, Xiangnan Chen, Jinchao Ma, Chao Feng, Li Huang, Siyu Mo, Sichen Kang, Yunkun Xu, Zhihan Yang, Zhujun Xue, Jingren Zhang, Qing He, Yingdi Huang, Hao Jiang, Ziao Ma, Zewei Pan, Minhao Sun, Zhuo Tao, Jinzhao Xiao, Gangtao Xin, Huanyao Zhang, Wenjian Zhang, Jiangshan Zhang, Guojie Zhu, Fangzhou Zou, Jiaxin Mao, Wentao Zhang
arXiv AI
Aug 12

Recovering Wasted Compute in Autoresearch Agents

arXiv:2608. 10424v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A slew of recent works develop agents for solving research problems end-to-end, a paradigm increasingly referred to as autoresearch.

By Au Kwok Chun, Abhigyan Acherjee, Amrutha Rao, Zaiqian Chen, Kazem Meidani, C. Bayan Bruss, Micah Goldblum
arXiv AI
Aug 12

UserToolBench: A User-Profile-Hidden Benchmark for Personalized Decision Making in Tool-Use LLMs

arXiv:2608. 10042v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-use LLMs are increasingly asked to act on users' behalf, but existing benchmarks usually focus on profile recall, style imitation, generic tool use, or response-level personalization.

By Xuexiong Yin, Zechuan Chen, Yongsen Zheng, Yuxiang Zhang, Jingyuan Yang, Bin Wang, Yubin Wang, Keze Wang
arXiv AI
Aug 12

Expert-Guided g-computation with Large Language Models for Estimating Causal Effects on Timings: Applications to Hospital Quality Improvement

arXiv:2608. 10339v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hospital quality improvement (QI) programs routinely face multiple candidate interventions to optimize hospital flow, but existing methods struggle to estimate and rank the causal effects of such interventions.

By Patrick Vossler, Jialin Ouyang, F. Richard Guo, Anran Huang, Ali Shojaie, Lucas Zier, Fan Xia, Jean Feng
arXiv AI
Aug 12

SafeCap: Improving LVLM Safety with Image Captioning Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2608. 10513v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large vision-language models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit visual inputs to bypass safety alignment inherited from their language backbones.

By Caoyuan Ma, Wenpu Liu, Weichu Xie, Tian Gu, Shilei Zhao, Lingxi Min, Shuai Dong, Yuqi Xu, Ji Zhao, Ziyue Wang, Wenzheng Chang, Taiqiang Wu, Yongfu Zhu, Wenqi Shao, Yinqiang Zheng
arXiv AI
Aug 12

ProTAGAD: A Foundation Model for TAG Anomaly Detection with Decoupled Topological and Textual Prototypes

arXiv:2608. 10699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs), endowed with abundant textual content along with topological structures, have emerged as a versatile backbone for real-world anomaly detection spanning large language model security, social network moderation, and cyber threat identification.

By Ziyan Wang, Liwen Wu, Cheng Xie, Song Gao, Zhenli He, Xin Jin
arXiv AI
Aug 12

A Cost-Efficient Routing Pipeline for Multilingual Short-Text Classification Using Small Language Models

arXiv:2608. 10939v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multilingual short-text classification supports operational systems such as content moderation, customer support routing, and intent recognition, yet aggregate evaluation often hides large differences between high-resource and low-resource languages.

By Wajdi Ben Saad, Safa Madiouni
arXiv AI
Aug 12

CARE: Confidence-Aware Reasoning for Reliable Medical VQA

arXiv:2608. 10964v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) has enabled medical Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to produce Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning for visual question answering, yet these models suffer from $\textit{confidence miscalibration}$---a systematic gap between expressed certainty and actual diagnostic accuracy that undermines clinical trust.

By Yuetian Du, Yucheng Wang, Zhenyuan Chen, Luyuan Chen, Rongyu Zhang, Jinjian Zhang, Wei Zhou, Zhijie Xu, Ming Kong, Zhan Zhou, Jie Liu, Qiang Zhu