arXiv AI By Amanda Fitch

Words Speak Louder Than Order: A Behavioral Evaluation of Gemma 4

Read the original on arXiv AI →

The study investigates how Google’s Gemma 4‑e4b language model resolves conflicts between two documents. Using a counterbalanced design, researchers found that the semantic framing of a source (e.g., labeling it as an official guideline) dominates over the order in which documents appear. While the model shows a primacy bias toward the first document, this bias varies widely with wording and is amplified only when the documents are structurally identical.

Machine-generated by The Flow from the publisher's headline and feed description — not written or checked by a human. The full article lives at arXiv AI.

arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 18

Summarization Bias: The Directional Collapse of Objective Projection into Told-Mode Labels in Large Language Models --- A Conceptual Framework and Registered Test Protocol

The paper introduces the concept of summarization bias in large language models (LLMs), describing a systematic tendency for LLMs to represent narrative meaning as an abstract summary label rather than the reconstructable inferential structure that produces it. It frames this bias within the Bulut Doctrine’s told‑shown axis, arguing that LLMs fail in a specific direction: they default to told‑mode explicitness in generative tasks and reward told‑mode explicitness while under‑detecting shown‑mode suppression in evaluative tasks. The authors outline two regimes of bias, present preliminary evidence, and pre‑register a test protocol to validate or abandon the construct.

By Levent Bulut