arXiv AI By Sangmin Song, Sarath Kodagoda, Marc G. Carmichael, Karthick Thiyagarajan, Amal Gunatilake, Kelly Prentice, Jodi Martin

VOIM: Training-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Mapping for RGB-D and Monocular SLAM

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VOIM (Voxel‑Grounded Online Instance Manager) is a training‑free system that builds open‑vocabulary 3D instance maps from RGB‑D or monocular RGB input by deferring label and instance decisions until sufficient soft evidence accumulates per voxel across views. Across four perception configurations on ScanNet++, VOIM outperforms the strongest online RGB‑D system, OVO‑SLAM, by 4.8–11.7 mIoU, and achieves 44.07 mIoU under a like‑for‑like protocol, winning all ten scenes. The method also runs unchanged on monocular RGB, matching baseline performance on Replica, and produces exportable occupancy grids that support free‑form instance queries.

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