arXiv AI By Yezhou Cheng, Charles Ling

Verifiable Efficiency Limits of Innate LLM Planning in Sliding Puzzles

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The paper introduces a verifiable framework for measuring the innate planning efficiency of large language models (LLMs) on sliding puzzles, focusing on complete plans generated without external tools. It defines a Success-Weighted Plan Efficiency (SPE) metric as the product of execution reliability, planning coordination, and action economy, and validates these factors through trajectory replay and certified optimality. Experiments on 4×4 puzzles show that models can finish all trials yet become less economical over longer horizons, and that high efficiency among completed plans can coexist with poor goal attainment, highlighting distinct coordination and completion issues.

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