arXiv AI By Kening Zheng, Wei-Chieh Huang, Jiahao Huo, Zhonghao Li, Henry Peng Zou, Yibo Yan, Xin Zou, Jungang Li, Junzhuo Li, Hanrong Zhang, Xuming Hu, Philip S. Yu

Unveiling Language Routing Isolation in Multilingual MoE Models for Interpretable Subnetwork Adaptation

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arXiv Computation and Language
4d ago

A Declarative-Procedural Perspective on Expert Routing in Bilingual Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

The study examines whether Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models develop linguistically structured expert routing during bilingual language acquisition. Using a decoder-only English‑German MoE Transformer trained with sequential language exposure, the authors probe token‑level routing distributions and measure category‑dependent specialization via mutual information, routing entropy, and Jensen‑Shannon distance. Results show that a curriculum‑trained model peaks at a mutual information of 0.1148 at layer 5, while a no‑curriculum baseline trained on mixed data achieves a higher peak of 0.2599 at the same layer, indicating stronger aggregate specialization. Replication with a second training seed reveals that the no‑curriculum condition’s specialization focuses on a single language in a seed‑dependent way, whereas the curriculum consistently yields a stable, language‑balanced routing profile, suggesting that staged bilingual exposure reduces single‑language dominance.

By Amrit Gopinath, Raghul, Durairaj Thenmozhi
arXiv Computation and Language
Aug 24

RARE: Decoupling Representation Steering from Expert Routing in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

The paper introduces RARE, a router‑agnostic representation engineering framework for Mixture‑of‑Experts language models. RARE projects behavioral perturbations onto the null space of the router matrix to avoid affecting routing, and corrects downstream routing drift. Experiments on six open‑weight MoE models show that RARE improves steering tasks—reducing harmfulness, increasing truthfulness, and enhancing factual editing—while preserving overall model accuracy.

By Zhibo Zhang, Zhen Ouyang, Ling Shi, Kailong Wang