arXiv AI By Maya Subramanian, Devika Jain

Toward Governance-Aware Autonomous GIS: A Narrative Review of Ethical and Privacy Risks in LLM-Enabled GeoAI

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The paper reviews ethical and privacy risks of large language model (LLM)–enabled geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), identifying eight recurring issues such as data provenance, spatial privacy, algorithmic bias, and technical risks. It evaluates current responses, noting many remain largely unaddressed or conceptual, and proposes a governance‑aware architecture with enforceable controls illustrated by a flood‑response routing scenario. The authors call for empirical validation, spatially specific interpretability tools, and workforce training to address these emerging risks.

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