ToST: A Tree-of-Thought Socratic Teaching Framework for Multi-Path Guidance and Parallel Thinking
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The paper introduces Diverse Parallel Thinking (DPT), a reinforcement learning approach that encourages path diversity in parallel reasoning for large language models. DPT penalizes prefix similarity among parallel paths, fostering distinct reasoning strategies and improving exploration of the reasoning space. Experiments on multiple benchmarks show that DPT outperforms prior parallel thinking methods, achieving state‑of‑the‑art results.
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EduDial is a large-scale multi-turn teacher‑student dialogue corpus covering 345 core knowledge points and 34,250 dialogue sessions, designed around Bloom’s taxonomy and ten questioning strategies such as situational, ZPD, and metacognitive questioning. The dataset includes differentiated teaching strategies for students at varying cognitive levels to provide targeted guidance. Using EduDial, the authors trained EduDial‑LLM 32B and introduced an 11‑dimensional evaluation framework that measures teaching quality and content quality, showing that most mainstream LLMs struggle with student‑centered teaching while EduDial‑LLM outperforms all baselines across all metrics.
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