arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 24

PBLH Estimation from Satellite Radiances via a Dual-Encoder Transformer

The paper presents a dual‑encoder Transformer model for estimating Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) from satellite radiances, addressing challenges of multimodal, spatially incomplete data. It benchmarks eight different approaches, analyzes model reliance via grouped Shapley decomposition, and demonstrates that the proposed architecture achieves a mean absolute error of 155.8 m on a global test set, outperforming all baselines. On out‑of‑distribution data from the TEAMx campaign, the model attains 165.3 m MAE, better than a pixel‑wise baseline trained on the same data.

By Lorenzo Innocenti, Luca Catalano, Edoardo Arnaudo, Claudio Rossi, Salvatore Larosa, Domenico Cimini, Paolo Garza
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 11

Bidirectional Multimodal Fusion of Sky Images and Time-Series for Solar Forecasting with Large Language Models

The paper introduces SolCloudLLM, a large language model–based framework that fuses sky‑image patches with time‑series data through bidirectional multimodal fusion for short‑term solar forecasting. Experiments on the SIRTA and SKIPP'D datasets show that SolCloudLLM outperforms existing baselines, achieving up to a 25.4% reduction in mean squared error, especially under cloudy conditions and in few‑shot scenarios.

By Ken Chen, Maneesha Perera, Wei Wang, Sachith Seneviratne, Hansani Weeratunge, Saman Halgamuge