arXiv AI By Jiahong Xiang, Kunqiu Chen, Lingming Zhang, Yuqun Zhang

Spine: Compiling Subtask Trees into Structured Context for Long-Horizon Coding Agents

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Spine is a new interface and runtime that aligns a language model’s context with the nesting and completion of subtasks in long‑horizon coding problems. By letting agents declare explicit subtask boundaries through work scopes, Spine records interactions in a persistent SpineTree and compiles only the necessary unfinished subtask history into the model’s prompt, replacing completed subtasks with their results while reusing prefix‑cache. Integrated into Codex and Pi, SpineCodex and the reusable Pi package achieve significant performance gains—improving SWE‑Milestone and ProgramBench scores and reducing costs—without the overhead of recursive subagent delegation.

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