Terminal-Universe is a framework that converts large collections of terminal-based agent trajectories into reusable, executable environments. By replaying recorded file operations and filling missing files with a completion agent, it reconstructs the original workspace and generates new tasks, scaling them in breadth (cross-workspace queries) and depth (multi-round interactions). The resulting 37.3k task-sufficient environments enable significant performance gains when fine‑tuning language models on terminal‑centric benchmarks.
The paper introduces TerminalHorizon, an automated engine that synthesizes long‑horizon trajectories for terminal agents by reconstructing environments from real‑world professional work and progressively expanding tasks to require further exploration and improvement. Using this engine, the authors create 1.5K task environments and fine‑tune Qwen3.5‑27B, producing TerminalHorizon‑27B, which shows significant performance gains across 12 benchmarks in coding, agentic production tasks, and reasoning. Case studies demonstrate the model’s ability to experiment beyond initial solutions, refine methods based on feedback, and preserve effective improvements in final deliverables.
By Shun Zou, Ziyu Ma, Yi Zou, Yong Wang, Lin Chen, Zehui Chen, Guanhua Chen, Xiangxiang Chu, Feng Zhao
arXiv:2610.14915v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Developing terminal-based agents for long-horizon execution demands synthetic tasks that tightly couple complex instructions with authentic, interactiv...
By Junyi Zhou, Yufei Wang, Qiyuan Zhang, Chuhan Wu, Zhengxi Li, Wentao Zhao, Jie Zhou, Le Tian, Xiao Zhou, Chen Ma
The paper introduces a self‑supervised framework called software‑in‑the‑loop reconstruction (SWR) that automatically generates reference outputs and verification targets for terminal agents by leveraging existing scientific software workflows. SWR executes multiple input configurations, partitions cases into public observations and hidden evaluations, and uses a hierarchical verifier to assess agent‑generated programs against hidden workflow outputs. The authors demonstrate the approach on 500 workflows across six domains, achieving significant performance gains on the Terminal‑Bench 2 benchmark with the Qwen3.8‑Max and Qwen3.8‑27B models.
By Zhongzhi Li, Yucheng Shi, Zongxia Li, Junyao Yang, Ruhan Wang, Yu Wang, Jingyuan Huang, Jichao Yu, Ninghao Liu, Haitao Mi, Leowei Liang
FACET is a framework for synthesizing terminal tasks that preserves source intent and ensures cross‑artifact consistency. It reconstructs agent skills into coherent scenarios, repairs the execution environment, and uses the resulting container state as shared grounding for the instruction, solution, and verifier. By validating and repairing artifacts through execution, FACET produces complex tasks with dense executable checks and data‑efficient supervision, improving performance on Terminal‑Bench 2.1.
By Kou Shi, Zun Wang, Qisheng Su, Shiting Huang, Ziao Zhang, Zhen Fang, Qingnan Ren, Jin Liu, Yu Zeng, Yiming Zhao, Lin Chen, Zehui Chen, Feng Zhao
arXiv:2609.05576v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The paradigm of LLMs has rapidly shifted from passive language interfaces to autonomous Claw-like agents that execute long-horizon tasks across statefu...
By Yirong Zeng, Shen You, Jinhang Feng, Yufei Liu, Xiao Ding, Yutai Hou, Hao Cong, Yuxian Wang, Wu Ning, Wang Xu, Bibo Cai
arXiv:2606. 28480v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models and harness frameworks continue to advance, agents operating in terminals are increasingly capable of performing a broader range of general computer-use tasks beyond coding.
By Shoufa Chen, Luyuan Wang, Xuan Yang, Zhiheng Liu, Yuren Cong, Yuanfeng Ji, Feiyan Zhou, Xiaohui Zhang, Fanny Yang, Belinda Zeng
arXiv:2607. 22711v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM coding agents operate by constructing trajectories that accumulate reasoning, tool calls, and results to enable multi-step decision-making.
By Mingwei Zheng, David OBrien, Siwei Cui, Pardis Pashakhanloo, Rajdeep Mukherjee, Myeongsoo Kim, Sachit Kuhar
arXiv:2609.22068v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Training capable coding agents via reinforcement learning (RL) requires diverse tasks with reliable verifiers. Open-source codebases offer a rich sourc...
By Bowen Ye, Lei Li, Shicheng Li, Zihao Yue, Linghao Zhang, Hanglong Lv, Yuanxin Liu, Wenhan Ma, Hao Tian, Rang Li, Jinhao Dong, Yikai Zhao, Xiangwei Deng, Hailin Zhang, Liang Zhao, Qi Liu, Lingpeng Kong, Tong Yang, Fuli Luo
arXiv:2608. 05466v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-quality long-horizon training data for terminal agents is expensive to produce, often costing hundreds to thousands of dollars per task, because each task must keep the instruction, environment, reference solution, and verifier mutually consistent.
By Zhongzhi Li, Yucheng Shi, Zongxia Li, Ruhan Wang, Anhao Li, Zixun Huang, Junyao Yang, Lei Ke, Ninghao Liu, Haitao Mi, Leowei Liang
arXiv:2610.18067v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Scaling interactive environments is important for training long-horizon agents through reinforcement learning. These environments often require further...
By Hang He, Linting Wang, Guanming Liu, Bo Mao, Jinxiu Liu, Yiran Suo, Maosen Zhou, Zhiheng Xi, Guanting Dong, Zhou Shao, Rui Zheng, Jie Zhou, Chengcheng Wan, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
arXiv:2606. 02908v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-turn user-facing agents must infer user intent from incomplete requests, collect missing information through dialogue and tools, and execute valid actions.
By Hengrui Gu, Xiaotian Han, Kaixiong Zhou