arXiv Machine Learning By Will Beaumaster, Paul Schrater

Smart Alone, Blind Together: Why Accuracy Fails to CertifyTheory of Mind in Multi-Agent Teams

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The paper argues that accuracy is an inadequate metric for certifying a coordinator’s theory‑of‑mind in multi‑agent systems, because the required accuracy depends on deployment‑specific costs and errors are often dependent. Experiments on task assignment, Level‑Based Foraging, Hanabi, and human judgments show that accuracy can both approve harmful language‑model deployments and reject beneficial ones. The authors propose a Blind‑Spot Gate that evaluates error costs, pairwise interactions, and dependence without deployment, achieving better safety outcomes than accuracy alone.

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arXiv AI
Aug 26

Confidently Wrong, Silently So: Auditing Undetectable Failures of a Deployed On-Device Language Model

The paper audits a developer‑accessible on‑device language model, revealing that it can confidently produce incorrect answers while refusing benign prompts, a phenomenon termed task‑asymmetric miscalibration. The model’s confident outputs are surface‑indistinguishable, with classifiers based on user‑visible features failing to separate correct from wrong responses. The authors propose a model‑agnostic audit protocol, a surface‑indistinguishability test, and a black‑box consistency wrapper that improves reliability without requiring model access.

By Shashwat Pandey, Satwik Pandey, Suresh Raghu
arXiv AI
Oct 1

Referential Uncertainty in Human--AI Collaboration

The study investigates how humans and AI collaborate on a puzzle task, focusing on referential uncertainty—when a description could refer to multiple objects. It finds that eliciting a belief distribution over candidate pieces yields better calibration and discrimination than raw action probabilities, and that precise descriptions or well‑targeted hedges significantly reduce the acceptance of wrong placements. However, the AI rarely externalizes uncertainty, and poorly targeted hedges can be counterproductive.

By Christian Poelitz, Finale Doshi-Velez, Si\^an Lindley
arXiv AI
Oct 2

When Reasoning Helps Action: Monitoring and Steering Chain-of-Thought in Vision-Language-Action Policies

The paper introduces TRUST, a token‑level reward model that predicts the correctness of partial chain‑of‑thought (CoT) traces in vision‑language‑action (VLA) policies, enabling monitoring and selective steering of reasoning. On driving and manipulation VLA benchmarks, TRUST improves reasoning accuracy and reduces collision rates and trajectory errors, though its impact on overall task performance varies across tasks. The study defines two evaluation axes—correctability and actionability—to assess when CoT can serve as a runtime safety interface.

By Sathwik Karnik, Joseph JR. Lee, Aryaman Gupta, Somil Bansal