arXiv:2608. 03890v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A clinically useful chest X-ray system must go beyond fluent report generation: it should classify findings with tunable decision thresholds, localize them spatially, and derive the anatomical measurements upon which many diagnoses depend.
By Mercy Prasanna Ranjit, Anirban Porya, Sathvik Joel, Niharika Vadlamudi, Nikhilesh Chowdary Eathamukkala, Prasanth V V, Abhyuday Kumara Swamy, Pranay Narhari Umredkar, Pradeep Narayan, Vivek Rajagopal, Tanuja Ganu
Current evaluation protocols for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in Radiology Report Generation (RRG) rely on report-level metrics that measure lexical overlap or aggregate clinical correctness. However, such metrics do not test whether individual diagnostic statements stem from the actual pathological evidence visible in the image.
Vision-language pre-training (VLP) holds great promise for general-purpose medical AI by leveraging radiology reports as rich textual supervision, yet existing methods struggle with 3D CT imaging due to inefficient visual backbones and coarse semantic alignment. To address these issues, we propose a tailored VLP framework featuring three key components: (1) a CNN-ViT hybrid encoder that replaces ViT's patch embedding with a 3D CNN backbone to efficiently capture local anatomical details while preserving global attention and compatibility with pre-trained cross-modal priors; (2) a disease-level contrastive learning mechanism using learnable query tokens to dynamically extract disease-specific semantics from full reports and align them with corresponding visual features, thereby disentangling distinct diseases within the same anatomical region; and (3) a diagnosis-aware prompt strategy that employs real clinical phrases and aggregated disease prototypes to bridge the pre-training-inference gap and enhance zero-shot diagnostic reliability.
arXiv:2608. 05341v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for radiology report generation are typically trained on retrospective clinical reports, which suffer from omission noise: clinically present findings are left unreported due to the omission of subtle findings.
By Yuta Kobayashi, Pradyun Ramesh, Muhammad Ahmed Chaudhry, Vincent Jeanselme, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Sanmi Koyejo, Kathleen Capaccione, Shalmali Joshi
arXiv:2606. 02035v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical imaging interpretation is a foundational pillar of modern clinical diagnostics, yet the manual generation of radiology reports remains a time-consuming process prone to interpretation inconsistencies.
By Yogesh Kumar Meena, Saurabh Agarwal, K. V. Arya
arXiv:2608. 08713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models offer a promising path toward automating radiology report generation, but applying them to full 3D CT volumes poses substantial computational challenges.
By Jonathan Suprijadi, Raphael Stock, Moritz Langenberg, David Zimmerer, Kim-Celine Kahl, Stefan Denner, Yannick Kirchhoff, Karol Gotkowski, Maximilian Rokuss, Jeremias Traub, Tassilo Wald, Constantin Ulrich, Klaus Maier-Hein