arXiv Machine Learning By Yong Yang, Roger Newman-Norlund, Xiang Guan, Saeed Ahmadi, Regan Willis, Nadra Salman, Kalil Warren, Sophie Arheix-Parras, Srihari Nelakuditi, Leonardo Bonilha, Christopher Rorden, Rutvik H. Desai, Julius Fridriksson

Recovering Lesion Parameters from Aphasic Picture Naming Error Profiles in Large Language Models

Read the original on arXiv Machine Learning →

arXiv:2608. 06429v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Interpretability methods for large language models (LLMs) describe internal state but do not directly test whether that state is causally sufficient to produce the observed behavior.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 14

Perturbation-based Regional Interpretability through Subtraction Mapping (PRISM): naming-error dissociations in language models and post-stroke aphasia

arXiv:2608. 12717v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mechanistic interpretability of large language models lacks spatially resolved, falsifiable tools for testing whether internal components are specialized for distinct cognitive operations.

By Xiang Guan, Roger D. Newman-Norlund, Yong Yang, Saeed Ahmadi, Regan Willis, Nadra Salman, Kalil Warren, Srihari Nelakuditi, Chris Rorden, Leonardo Bonilha, Julius Fridriksson
arXiv AI
Jul 14

Lesioned Multimodal Language Models Reproduce Aphasic Picture-Naming Patterns

arXiv:2607. 11621v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Aphasia following stroke commonly produces systematic naming errors with characteristic profiles, but whether general-purpose language models not designed for clinical simulation can reproduce these patterns remains untested.

By Yong Yang, Xiang Guan, Sophie Arheix-Parras, Saeed Ahmadi, Roger Newman-Norlund, Leonardo Bonilha, Christopher Rorden, Julius Fridriksson, Rutvik H. Desai, Srihari Nelakuditi
arXiv Computer Vision
Sep 3

Seeing Beyond the Lesion: Disease Recognition from Reactive CNS Tissue

The study evaluates whether disease can be identified from reactive, non‑lesional brain tissue in intracranial biopsies. Using four foundation‑model encoders within an attention‑based multiple‑instance learning framework on 245 whole‑slide images, the authors find that disease labels remain predictive even after controlling for slide size and sampling bias, and that performance is similar across all encoders. Signed instance‑contribution maps and expert review confirm that predictive signals localize to reactive parenchyma rather than artifacts such as blood. "whyItMatters":"The findings demonstrate that weakly supervised models can recover disease signals from tissue traditionally considered non‑diagnostic, highlighting the need for provenance‑only baselines in computational pathology benchmarks."

By Jan Schnorrenberg, Jan Ernsting, Enrico K\"ullenberg, Tim Hahn, Benjamin Risse, Christian Thomas
arXiv Machine Learning
4d ago

Multi-task learning for the automatic grading of enlarged perivascular space burden using MRI

arXiv:2609.37387v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) visible in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly thought to be linked to poor brain health. PVS...

By Jesse Phitidis, William N. Whiteley, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Yajun Cheng, Xiaodi Liu, Junfang Zhang, Una Clancy, Stephen Makin, Roberto Duarte Coello, Susana Mu\~noz Maniega, Mark E. Bastin, Simon R. Cox, Maria del C. Vald\'es Hern\'andez