arXiv AI
Sep 15

Degraded but Not Entirely Ineffective: PE-Based Deformable Graph Neural Networks

The paper introduces a Position Encoding-Based Deformable Spatial Aggregation Module (PEBDSAM) that uses a deformable mechanism in position space to identify relevant nodes beyond first‑order neighbors, thereby addressing over‑smoothing, over‑compression, limited receptive fields, and noise from heterophilous graphs. Diagnostic experiments revealed that current offsets are ineffective, yet performance still improves, leading to a streamlined version called PEBSAM and a faster variant, PEBSAM‑Speed. The module is plug‑and‑play and can be integrated into GCN, GAT, GIN, and GraphSAGE, achieving strong results on both homophilous and heterophilous datasets.

By Jinhua Wu, Xinliang Zhang