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Physics as the label for measuring and correcting materials reasoning in multimodal models
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Grounded verification of chemical and materials reasoning: detection is the bottleneck
Large language models confabulate chemical objects (molecular formulas, space groups, formation energies) in fluent reasoning traces, concentrated on long-tail entities where confidence is least trustworthy. Deterministic, database-grounded verification can catch and repair such errors without the coverage cost of blanket retrieval; the binding constraint, we find, is detection, not repair.